PURPOSE We aimed to investigate effects of instrument settings on porcine vitreous flow rates through dual pneumatic high-speed vitrectomy probes. METHODS The CONSTELLATION(®) Vision System was tested with 250, 450, and 650 mmHg of vacuum using six ULTRAVIT(®) vitrectomy probes of each diameter (25+(®), 25, 23, and 20 gauge) operated from 500 cuts per minute (cpm) up to 5,000 cpm. Duty cycle ...

A full factorial design (FFD) approach was conducted to assess the effect of four factors, namely flow rate, duty cycle, amplitude, and treatment time of ultrasonic regimens towards Escherichia coli harbouring lipase. The 22 experiments were performed as the following values with six replicates of centre point: flow rate (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 L/min), duty cycle (0, 20, and 40%), amplitude (2, 6, a...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are comprised of autonomous, self-organized sensors that collaborate to monitor surrounding conditions, such as temperature, motion, sound and vibration. The data collected by sensors are then forwarded to a base station or sink via multiple hops. A key challenge in WSNs is that sensor nodes are constrained by their physical size and battery capacity. As a result...

Ventricular myosin (βMys) is the motor protein in cardiac muscle generating force using ATP hydrolysis free energy to translate actin. In the cardiac muscle sarcomere, myosin and actin filaments interact cyclically and undergo rapid relative translation facilitated by the low duty cycle motor. It contrasts with high duty cycle processive myosins for which persistent actin association is the pri...

High Performance (HP) battery electric vehicle (BEV) and racing applications represent significantly different use cases than those associated with conventional consumer vehicles and road driving. The differences between HP use cases and the duty-cycles embodied within established battery test standards will lead to unrepresentative estimates for battery life and performance within a HP applica...

Before treatment delivery of respiratory-gated radiation therapy (RT) in patients with implanted fiducials, both the patient position and the gating window thresholds must be set. In linac-based RT, this is currently done manually and setup accuracy will therefore be dependent on the skill of the user. In this study, we present an automatic method for finding the patient position and the gating...

Radio transceivers capable of dynamic spectrum access require frequency agile transmitters with a clean output spectrum. High-Q filters are difficult to implement on chip and have limited tuning range. Transmitters with high linearity and broadband harmonic rejection can be more flexible and require less filtering. However, traditional Harmonic Rejection mixers suppress only a few harmonics. Th...

A novel configuration for precise temperature sensing in an array of optical fibre sections is reported. The sections are chosen to have different Brillouin shifts, to enable separation of scattered light signals in the frequency domain, rather than the traditional time domain, allowing lower-noise CW operation and greater precision due to the 100% duty cycle.

In rechargeable wireless sensor networks, owing to the current energy conversion technology limitations, the energy harvested from surrounding environment usually is not enough to continually power sensor nodes. Therefore, the nodes have to operate in a very low duty cycle, which means nodes have to activate shortly and stay in the sleep state most of the time in order to recharge the energy. O...