Myofiber wasting in muscular dystrophy has largely been ascribed to necrotic cell death, despite reports identifying apoptotic markers in dystrophic muscle. Here we set out to identify the contribution of canonical apoptotic pathways to skeletal muscle degeneration in muscular dystrophy by genetically deleting a known inhibitor of apoptosis, apoptosis repressor with a card domain (Arc), in dyst...

The incidence of children born with congenitally malformed hearts has changed little over the centuries. Our understanding of the lesions has improved subsequent to analysis in sequential fashion of the cardiac components. Ongoing differences in the approach to naming the lesions can now be resolved by careful application of the new evidence emerging from examination of the developing heart and...

The incidence of children born with congenitally malformed hearts has changed little over the centuries. Our understanding of the lesions has improved subsequent to analysis in sequential fashion of the cardiac components. Ongoing differences in the approach to naming the lesions can now be resolved by careful application of the new evidence emerging from examination of the developing heart and...

Peripheral nerves in dystrophic mice express multiple axon ensheathment abnormalities. If an intrinsic deficiency expressed within the Schwann cells themselves were to account for this neuropathy, then such cells, existing in a chimera preparation, would be expected to express the same ensheathment abnormalities, whereas a coexisting population of non-dystrophic Schwann cells should not be simi...

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a genodermatosis characterized by dermolytic blister formation in response to minor trauma, is characterized by an incresaed collagenase synthesis by skin fibroblasts in culture. Since preliminary studies of partially purified recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa collagenase suggested that the protein itself was aberrant, efforts were made to pu...

In 2005, the estimated number of Americans with diabetes was 20.8 million people, with an additional 1.5 million cases diagnosed that year in those ≥ 20 years of age.1 Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail that is estimated to cause up to 50% of all nail problems2 and 30% of all cutaneous fungal infections.3 Approximately one in three people with diabetes are afflicted with onychomyco...

Case 1. The grandfather, II.3, born in 1889, suffers from lymphatic leukaemia and diabetes. As can be seen in Fig. 2a, the hands show complete anonychia of the thumb, the forefinger, and the middle finger, with nail-bed vestiges present as small ridges on the outer finger edges. The fourth and fifth fingers show the absence of nails in the central part, and two small atrophied nail lamellae on ...

Introduction: In children fractures of the femoral shaft are commonly treated by various types of traction for about 3 weeks, followed by plaster cast immobilization. However little is known about the functional outcome and its complication in Indian scenario. Therefore our aim of study was to analyse the functional outcome in femoral shaft fractures of children operated by flexible intramedull...

The nails are affected by several dermatological and systemic diseases, and it is uncommon to find an isolated nail abnormalities. However, there are some diseases, in which the nails are affected primarily and similarly there are syndromes in which the nails affection is one of its major components. Some medical conditions in which there is a link to the nails are known eponymously (Tabl. I). ...

45 years old female with no significant past medical or family history that was seen due to contact dermatitis on her left arm, during her physical examination was observed to have onychophaty on her right toenails, pincer nails was observed on big and second toenail (Figs. 1 and 2), dermatoscopic view of the pincer nails (Fig. 3). The diagnosis pincer nails was done, the patient didn ́t return ...