conclusions the β-lactamase disk test is appropriately sensitive to detect esbls in mdr isolates of e. coli. background most urinary tract infections (utis) are caused by escherichia coli (e. coli) species. due to infections outbreaks of e. coli strains with multiple mechanisms of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, the sensitivity of confirmatory tests to detect the extended spectrum β-lactama...

background : the emergence and increase in the incidence of extended-spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) producing escherichia coli has become an emerging challenge especially in hospitalized patients with uti. the aim of the present study was to survey the frequency of bla ctx-m genotype in esbl producing e. coli isolated from hospitalized patients with uti and determination of their antibiotic res...

let d be a division ring with centre k and dim, d< ? a valuation on k and v a noninvariant extension of ? to d. we define the initial ramfication index of v over ?, ?(v/ ?) .let a be a valuation ring of o with maximal ideal m, and v , v ,…, v noninvariant extensions of w to d with valuation rings a , a ,…, a . if b= a , it is shown that the following conditions are equivalent: (i) b is a finite...

the south pacific countries of vanuatu, samoa, and papua new guinea have ascended rapidly up the development spectrum in recent years, refining an independent and post-colonial economic and political identity that enhances their recognition on the world stage. all three countries have overcome economic, political and public health challenges in order to stake their claim to sovereignty. in this...

Let D be a division ring with centre K and dim, D< ? a valuation on K and v a noninvariant extension of ? to D. We define the initial ramfication index of v over ?, ?(v/ ?) .Let A be a valuation ring of o with maximal ideal m, and v , v ,…, v noninvariant extensions of w to D with valuation rings A , A ,…, A . If B= A , it is shown that the following conditions are equivalent: (i) B i...