food webs, farm food webs, forestry food webs, orchard food webs or motorway embankment food webs, despite the fact that these habitats can be extensive and are much more intimately connected to humans than natural habitats.” “A major problem lies in the extent to which constituent species are often ‘lumped’ into functional groups — each bird lovingly identified, while individual arachnid speci...

Abstract The Kretek 2 Bridge was built over the Opak River where there is an active fault. According to bore log data and embankment site analysis, potential for liquefaction at a depth of 0 - 3 meters. Due space limitations, ramp bridge must be able stand upright. An alternative treatment that can implemented in this condition reinforce with Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall system. Analysis ...

general kind of encroachment of river is constructing a bridge on it. purpose of encroachment of river is occupation part of river and flood plain for constructing bridge. often being economical of bridge innovation affirmated that most of encroachment take place to river and flood plain, which this encroachment can be in form of embankment in flood plain of river or into the main bed of river ...

A continuum-based finite-element methodology is established for quantifying the stability of earthen embankments built on saturated soil deposits. Within the methodology the soil is treated as a fluid-solid porous medium, in which the soil skeleton’s constitutive behavior is modeled using a smooth elastoplastic cap model that features continuous coupling between deviatoric and volumetric plasti...

The stepped spillway design is associated with significant flow resistance and associated energy dissipation on the steps, yielding smaller, more economical downstream dissipation structures. A number of design guidelines were developed for steep stepped spillways typical of concrete gravity dams. The focus of this study is on embankment stepped spillways. A large set of air-water flow data is ...

Protection of slope and embankment from erosion has become an important issue in Bangladesh. The constructions of strong structures require large capital, integrated designing, high maintenance cost. Strong structure methods have negative impact on the environment and sometimes not function for the design period. Plantation of vetiver system along the slopes is an alternative solution. Vetiver ...

This study was conducted to determine the cause of landslides in toll road embankment national project Porong-Sidoarjo area. The landslide observed only on north side embankment, with a maximum height 7.8 meters from subgrade despite reinforcement retaining wall and pile foundation. land shift subsidence Northside led decline elevation displacement depth 3.50 m. Back analysis through limit equi...

Piled foundations are commonly employed to reduce settlements of artificial earth embankments on soft soil strata and geosynthetic reinforcements installed at the embankment base increase pile spacing construction costs. Despite well-documented effectiveness this technique, mechanical processes, developing during in different elements constituting ‘geo-structure’, not fully understood design ap...

Dispersive clay soils are highly erodible, even under standing water conditions. easily eroded both on the surface and in landfills, despite their high plasticity index ability to be passed by flows at low velocities. soil will cause a variety of problems dams structures, including potential for seepage patterns embankment material, which can trigger piping, compromising stability structure. oc...