Eccentrically biased exercise results in skeletal muscle damage and stimulates adaptations in muscle, whereby indexes of damage are attenuated when the exercise is repeated. We hypothesized that changes in ultrastructural damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and markers of proteolysis in skeletal muscle would come about as a result of repeated eccentric exercise and that gender may affect th...

Background: Imbalance between the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscle and the vastus lateralis oblique (VTO) Vastus lateralis has been thought to be a primary cause of abnormal patellar tracking, possibly leading to patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of quadriceps muscle strengthening exercises on the ratio of VMO to VL obli...

Lateral epicondylitis, commonly referred to as tennis elbow, affects 1% to 3% of the population.1 It is thought to be an overuse injury, originating in the wrist extensor muscles, rather than an inflammatory problem. It is brought on by occupational activities and sports that involve a repetitive wrist motion or a power grip. The condition is most commonly associated with workrelated activities...

The aim of this study was to perform an electromyographic and kinetic comparison of two commonly used hamstring eccentric strengthening exercises: Nordic Curl and Ball Leg Curl. After determining the maximum isometric voluntary contraction of the knee flexors, ten female athletes performed 3 repetitions of both the Nordic Curl and Ball Leg Curl, while knee angular displacement and electromyogra...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to provide an easily accessible, clear summary of the best available evidence for nonoperative treatment of midportion Achilles tendinopathy. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase through April 2007. Search terms: achilles tendon or tendo achilles or triceps surae or tendoachilles or tendo-achilles or achilles AND tendinopathy or tendinosis or...

DURING the last two centuries the treatment of amblyopia ex anopsia in cases of strabismus has made considerable progress. One of the earliest forms of treatment was occlusion of the fixing eye. This was first carried out by Buffon (1743), who also showed the need for correction of the refractive error by means of spectacles. More than a century later, Javal (1896) thought that squint was prima...

To achieve maximal force output, clinicians and coaches have been experimenting with upper extremity plyometric exercises for years, without sufficient scientific validation of this training method. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week course of high volume upper extremity plyometric training on the isokinetic strength and throwing velocity of a group of intercollegiat...

BACKGROUND The use of ice as a supplement to an exercise programme has been recommended for the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET). No studies have examined its effectiveness. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether an exercise programme supplemented with ice is more successful than the exercise programme alone in treating patients with LET. METHODS Patients with unilateral LET for at...

The dorsal muscles of the lower torso and extremities have often been denoted the "posterior chain." These muscles are used to support the thoracic and lumbar spine and peripheral joints, including the hip, knee, and ankle on the dorsal aspect of the body. This study investigated the relative muscle activity of the hamstring group and selected surrounding musculature during the leg curl, good m...