The conservation of medicinal plants, particularly endangered or endemic species, is the utmost importance, especially in light inevitable climate change and its consequences. Species inhabiting high altitudes adopt exceptional defense mechanisms response to abiotic stresses as a survival strategy. objective current study was investigate effects altitudinal variations on secondary metabolite ac...

The patterning and growth of the embryonic vertebrate limb is dependent on Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a morphogen that regulates the activity of Gli transcription factors. However, Shh expression is not observed during the first 12 hr of limb development. During this phase, the limb bud is prepatterned into anterior and posterior regions through the antagonistic actions of transcription factors Gli3...

The frontonasal prominence of the developing avian embryo contains an organizing center, defined by juxtaposition of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) expression domains. This molecular interface presages any detectable growth of the frontonasal prominence, and experiments involving transplantation of this boundary epithelium have demonstrated it is a source of dors...

We review investigations that have lead to a model of how the ventral spinal cord of higher vertebrate embryos is patterned during development. Central to this model is the secreted morphogen protein, Sonic hedgehog. There is now considerable evidence that this molecule acts in a concentration-dependent manner to direct the development of the spinal cord. Recent studies have suggested that two ...

A crucial issue in limb development is how a correct set of precisely shaped digits forms in the digital plate. This process relies on patterning across the anterior-posterior axis of the limb bud, which is under the control of Sonic hedgehog emanating from the zone of polarizing activity. Recently, Sonic hedgehog function in the limb bud has been shown to have a dual character controlling both...