BACKGROUND To examine the relationship between waist circumference and future health care costs across a broad range of waist circumference values based on individual level data. METHOD A prospective cohort of 31,840 subjects aged 50-64 years at baseline had health status, lifestyle and socio-economic aspects assessed at entry. Individual data on health care consumption and associated costs w...

The benefits of economic growth are widely touted in the literature. But what about the costs? Pollution, nuclear accidents, global warming, the rapid global transmission of disease, and bioengineered viruses are just some of the dangers created by technological change. How should these be weighed against the benefits, and in particular, how does the recognition of these costs affect the theory...

this paper considers the economic lot scheduling problem, that is, the problem of scheduling several products on a single facility so as to minimize holding and setup costs. combination of frequency and timing as well as production quantity make this problem np-hard. a heuristic is developed to obtain a good solution to elsp. the proposed heuristic makes use of the simulated annealing technique...

To assess the impact of household income and economic recession on participation in CRC screening, we estimated annual participating proportions from 2007 to 2009 for different CRC screening modalities according to household income levels. A total of 8,042 subjects were derived from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). Multivariate logistic regression...

Medical imaging market consists of several billion tests per year worldwide. Out of these, at least one third are cardiovascular procedures. Keeping in mind that each test represents a cost, often a risk, and a diagnostic hypothesis, we can agree that every unnecessary and unjustifiable test is one test too many. Small individual costs, risks, and wastes multiplied by billions of examinations p...

(1979) on OECD countries; Brodsky and Sampson (1979) and Yeats (1976) on Latin America and Asia; and, more recently, Amjadi and Yeats (1995), Amjadi, Reincke, and Yeats (1996), and UNCTAD (1995) on sub-Saharan Africa. These studies document differences in shipping costs but do not directly estimate the relationship between shipping costs and manufactured exports or economic growth. Steven Radel...