“Eco-urbanization” emphasizes the importance of the ecological and environmental aspects of urbanization, which is to approach a balanced and healthy ecosystem through paying attention to the ecological intercorrelation of many factors. This involves balancing the stocks and utilization of multi-resources and balancing the efficiency and equality of multi-resources allocation to improve the qua...

8 Saving of bath chemicals and freshwater consumed within metal finishing systems and the reduction of wastewater produced can be important steps towards more sustainable processes. Furthermore, the application of regenerators is usually energy intensive. Accordingly, in an “eco–eco” (ECO) trade-off, importance should be given to both economic benefits as well as to several ecological measures....

Eco-efficiency of production is an important concept both from the viewpoint of society and business community; but as yet, there is no unambiguous way to its measurement. The purpose of this paper is to present a general measurement framework based on production theory and the activity analysis approach. Although we exploit the existing methods and techniques, our approach diverges essentially...

the growth of regional trade blocks has been one of the major developments in international relations in recent years. regional agreements vary widely but, all have the objective of reducing barriers to trade between member countries that in most cases result in increasingly trade flows and economic growth. this paper attempts to explore the results of trade integration in eco, eu and oic block...

Current studies argue that through building the virtual organization breeding environment one can quickly find partners and create a virtual enterprise. The creation of the virtual organization breeding environment requires its own social capital to satisfy some social requirements, but such researches are few This paper, based on complex network theory, proposes a new method to identify the vi...

One of the main fortes of emergy analysis is its ability to account for the contribution of ecosystem goods and services, or natural capital. Other holistic analysis methods including life cycle assessment, energy and exergy analysis have ignored this crucial contribution from nature, which is the very basis of sustainability. We introduce a novel approach for an Ecologically-Based Life Cycle A...