A real economic growth only comes from increasing quality and quantity of the factors of production. Most production systems produce items which are of imperfect quality. In a production/inventory situation items which are received or produced are not of perfect quality. Thus the presence of defects which is inevitable in a produced/ordered lot is sorted out by the process of screening. Handlin...

My brand of evolutionary economics recognizes, highlights, that modern economies are always in the process of changing, never fully at rest, with much of the energy coming from innovation. This perspective obviously draws a lot from Schumpeter. Continuing innovation, and the creative destruction that innovation engenders, is driving the system. There are winners and losers in the process, but g...

Lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) surveys are commonly used for monitoring and evaluation in resource-limited settings. Recently several methods have been proposed to combine LQAS with cluster sampling for more timely and cost-effective data collection. For some of these methods, the standard binomial model can be used for constructing decision rules as the clustering can be ignored. For ot...

BACKGROUND High quality program data is critical for managing, monitoring, and evaluating national HIV treatment programs. By 2009, the Malawi Ministry of Health had initiated more than 270,000 patients on HIV treatment at 377 sites. Quarterly supervision of these antiretroviral therapy (ART) sites ensures high quality care, but the time currently dedicated to exhaustive record review and data ...

We present lot-sizing heuristics that are both e cient and stable for the dynamic lot-sizing problem(DLSP) with constant or variable unit costs, including setup, inventory holding and production costs. These heuristics are myopic variants of the forward Wagner-Whitin algorithm with rolling horizons. Large scale computational experiments show that these heuristics considerably outperform other w...

this paper considers the economic lot scheduling problem, that is, the problem of scheduling several products on a single facility so as to minimize holding and setup costs. combination of frequency and timing as well as production quantity make this problem np-hard. a heuristic is developed to obtain a good solution to elsp. the proposed heuristic makes use of the simulated annealing technique...

After embracing globalization, some countries have achieved fast growing. Meanwhile, many multinational corporations (MNCs) have made significant profits and also contributed a lot to economic growth. However, opponents believe that the benefits haven’t been equally shared and view it “as a threat to prosperity, cultural integrity, and the environment” For developed countries that compete succe...