Mark Elvin treats the problem of economic stagnation in the traditional Chinese rural economy as resulting from obstacles to technological innovation. In application to agriculture, Elvin's formulation may be put in these terms: why did the Chinese economy not succeed in introducing technological innovations into the process of cultivation, thereby increasing the productivity of agriculture? El...

One of the most perplexing factors in the Japanese financial crisis is the apparently non-optimal and non-rational behaviour of Japanese banks. In this article, we provide a “rational” explanation for bank behaviour based on the long-term relationships between banks and entrepreneurs and show that they result in “rational rigidity” in lending. We find three implications of rational rigidity – a...

We have used a soft-x-ray laser interferometer to study the collision and subsequent interaction of counterstreaming high-density plasmas. The measured density profiles show the evolution of the colliding plasmas from interpenetration, when the low-density edge of the plasmas first collide, to stagnation at the symmetry plane with density building at the symmetry plane. We compare the measured ...

Although GAS are widely used for optimization problems and have obtained many good results, these are also holding problems, such as premature convergence problems and evolutionary stagnation problems. In this papel; the premature convergence caused by reduction of the diversity and evolutionary stagnation in GAS are observed, and a new genetic algorithm, named multi-step GA(MSGA) is proposed. ...

Bivalirudin has been proposed as the sole anticoagulant in patients under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or cardiopulmonary bypass. Owing to the pharmacodynamic properties of bivalirudin, areas of blood stagnation should be carefully avoided in order to limit the risk of thrombosis. The ECMO circuit has no reservoir and is usually devoid of blood stagnation areas. Conversely, under ...

Non-isothermal stagnation-point flow with consideration of thermal radiation is studied numerically. A set of partial differential equations that governing the fluid flow and energy is converted into a set of ordinary differential equations which is solved by Runge-Kutta method with shooting algorithm. Dimensionless wall temperature gradient and temperature boundary layer thickness for differen...

Stagnation as the new norm and fiscal policy are examined in a New Keynesian model with adaptive learning determining expectations. We impose inflation and consumption lower bounds, which can be relevant when agents are pessimistic. The inflation target is locally stable under learning. Pessimistic initial expectations may sink the economy into steady-state stagnation with deflation. The deflat...

In Simoncini and Szyld [Numer. Math., 109 (2008), pp. 477–487] a new non-stagnation condition for the convergence of GMRES on indefinite problems was proposed. In this paper we derive an enhanced strategy leading to a more general non-stagnation condition. Moreover, we show that the analysis also provides a good setting to derive asymptotic convergence rate estimates for indefinite problems. Th...

It is shown that a slender elastic fiber moving in a Stokesian fluid can be susceptible to a buckling instability--termed the "stretch-coil" instability--when moving in the neighborhood of a hyperbolic stagnation point of the flow. When the stagnation point is part of an extended cellular flow, it is found that immersed fibers can move as random walkers across time-independent closed-streamline...