نتایج جستجو برای: economics variables
تعداد نتایج: 364002 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We propose an algorithm for the computation of the volume of a multivariate copula function (and the probability distribution of the counting variable linked to this multidimensional copula function) which is very complex for large dimensions. As it is common practice for large dimensional problem, we restrict to positive orthant dependence and we construct a Hierarchical copula which describes...
This paper builds on the structural equations, treatment effect, and machine learning literatures to provide a causal framework that permits the identification and estimation of causal effects from observational studies. We begin by providing a causal interpretation for standard exogenous regressors and standard “valid” and “relevant” instrumental variables. We then build on this interpretation...
the relationship between economic growth and developments in the financial sector has been one of the most discussed areas in economics for a long time; and the direction of causality – whether financial development causes economic growth or vice versa – is by no means a settled issue.this paper investigates the short- run and long-run granger causality between financial development and e...
After the publication of the valuable book " Our Economy", the work of Martyr Seyyed Mohammad Baqir Sadr (RA) have been identified Islamic School of Economics Capabilities Against other important schools of capitalism and socialism. The plot of the opinion of this religious thinker, Muslim economists interested in religious science to move towards the production of Islamic economics But during ...
A notation for probabilities is proposed that differs from the traditional, conventional notation by making explicit the domains and bound variables involved. The notation borrows from the Z notation, and lends itself well to calculational manipulations, with a smooth transition back and forth to set and predicate notation.
Away is found to add axioms to sequent calculi that maintains the eliminability of cut, through the representation of axioms as rules of inference of a suitable form. By this method, the structural analysis of proofs is extended from pure logic to free-variable theories, covering all classical theories, and a wide class of constructive theories. All results are proved for systems in which also ...
In this paper we propose higher-order rewrite systems without bound variables. In order to prove their connuence under the assumption of orthogonality, we study a simple proof method which employs a characterization of the diamond property of a parallel reduction. By an application of the proof method, we obtain a new connuence result for orthogonal higher-order conditional rewrite systems.
Every theory we will consider will be in a language that has a name ṅ for each n ∈ ω. For example, the name for 2 ∈ ω in the language LΩ of arithmetic is the term “1 + 1”. The results stated will only apply to countable languages. This requirement is implicit in the hypothesis of the existence of an enumeration of all formulas with one free variable, for example. We also assume that formulas an...
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