BACKGROUND Elongation factor G (EF-G) catalyzes the translocation step of translation. During translocation EF-G passes through four main conformational states: the GDP complex, the nucleotide-free state, the GTP complex, and the GTPase conformation. The first two of these conformations have been previously investigated by crystallographic methods. RESULTS The structure of EF-G-GDP has been r...

This article introduces Evaluation-Function based Proof– Number Search (EF-PN) and its second-level variant EF-PN. It is a framework for setting the proof and disproof number of a leaf node with a heuristic evaluation function. Experiments in LOA and Surakarta show that compared to PN and PN, which use mobility to initialize the proof and disproof numbers, EF-PN and EF-PN take between 45% to 85...

—Recently it was shown that Shannon entropy is more Bahadur ef cient than any Rényi entropy of order > 1: In this paper we shall show that relative Bahadur ef ciency between any two Rényi entropies of orders 2 ]0; 1] is 1 when the relative Bahadur ef ciency is de ned according to [1]. Despite the fact that the relative Bahadur ef ciency is 1 it is shown that in a certain sense Shannon entropy i...

In this paper, the overall ecological and environmental sustainability in the Cing-Jing region in Taiwan is examined. As land use and cover change has been found to be an important analysis method, an emergy ecological footprint model was applied and the eco-security assessed to ensure authorities maintain a balance between ecological preservation and tourism development. While the ecological e...

Ribosome recycling factor (RRF), elongation factor-G (EF-G), and ribosomes from Thermus thermophilus (tt-) and Escherichia coli (ec-) were used to study the disassembly mechanism of post-termination ribosomal complexes by these factors. With tt-RRF, ec-EF-G can release bound-tRNA from ec-model post-termination complexes. However, tt-RRF is not released by ec-EF-G from ec-ribosomes. This complex...

Executive functions (EF) are thought to be impaired in Down syndrome (DS) and sex chromosome trisomy (Klinefelter and Trisomy X syndromes; +1X). However, the syndromic specificity and developmental trajectories associated with EF difficulties in these groups are poorly understood. The current investigation (a) compared everyday EF difficulties in youth with DS, +1X, and typical development (TD)...

Miro is a highly conserved calcium-binding GTPase at the regulatory nexus of mitochondrial transport and autophagy. Here we present crystal structures comprising the tandem EF hand and carboxy terminal GTPase (cGTPase) domains of Drosophila Miro. The structures reveal two previously unidentified 'hidden' EF hands, each paired with a canonical EF hand. Each EF hand pair is bound to a helix that ...

Background: Aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) enters the ribosome in a ternary complex with the Gprotein Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) and GTP. Results: EF-Tu-GTP-aa-tRNA ternary complex formation and decay rates are accelerated in the presence of the nucleotide exchange factor Elongation Factor-Ts (EF-Ts). Conclusion: EF-Ts directly facilitates the formation and disassociation of ternary complex. Signif...

Exsheathing fluid (EF) and excretory-secretory products (ES) of infective third-stage cultured larvae ofOstertagia circumcincta were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE). Five and seven predominant proteins were found in the EF and ES products, respectively. Immunoblotting by sheep pre-infection serum did not react with any of the EF and ES proteins, b...