To uncover the structural and dynamical determinants involved in the highly specific binding of Ras GTPase to its effectors, the conformational states of Ras in uncomplexed form and complexed to the downstream effectors Byr2, PI3Kγ, PLCε, and RalGDS were investigated using molecular dynamics and cross-comparison of the trajectories. The subtle changes in the dynamics and conformations of Ras up...

Innate effector cells, including innate effector cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages, are crucial components of various types of immune responses. Bone marrow progenitors differentiate into many subsets of innate effector cells after receiving instructional signals often provided by cytokines. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) have been shown to be essential in the dif...

The end-effector is the last executing part of interaction between robots and fruits. In this paper, physical characteristics tomatoes tomato fluidic elastomer actuator type were studied. There was no correlation test point, mass, size rupture force tomatoes. non-destructive clamping 11.13 N. statistically significant correlations number finger chambers, transverse diameter tomatoes, inflation ...