An accurate estimation of soil electrical conductivity (EC) using hyperspectral techniques is great significance for understanding the spatial distribution solutes and salinization. Although spectral transformation has been widely used in data pre-processing, performance different pre-processing (or combination methods) on models same set still ambiguous. Moreover, extremely randomized trees (E...

in this paper, a neural network model reference adaptive system speed observer is designed, which can be used in speed control of linear induction motors (lims). dynamical equations of lim have been considered accurate. in other words, the end effect and the electrical losses of the motor have been included in the motor equivalent circuit. then equations of the reference model and adaptive mode...

Konrad Zuse built the Z1, a mechanical programmable computing machine, between 1935/36 and 1937/38. The Z1 was a binary floating-point computing device. The individual logical gates were constructed using metallic plates and interconnection rods. This paper describes the design principles Zuse followed in order to complete a complex calculating machine, as the Z1 was. Zuse called his basic swit...