Cells are naturally surrounded by organized electrical signals in the form of local ion fluxes, membrane potential, and electric fields (EFs) at their surface. Although the contribution of electrochemical elements to cell polarity and migration is beginning to be appreciated, underlying mechanisms are not known. Here we show that an exogenous EF can orient cell polarization in budding yeast (Sa...

The major lipid classes in animal tissues, varying in polarity from cholesteryl esters to lysophosphatidylcholine, can be separated and accurately quantified by high performance liquid chromatography on a short 3-mu silica column and using a mass (light-scattering) detector. Sample sizes of 0.2 to 0.4 mg are optimum and the analysis is completed in only 20 min. The column is reactivated and rea...

Results of experimental investigation detection (rectification) high power X-band microwave signal in diodes various design (semiconductor p-n-junction, point-contact, Schottky, Metal-Isolator-Metal—MIM) are reported. The maximum the detected direct voltage V vs. P and subsequent polarity reversal, previously found MIM optical bands, have to be characteristic all investigated as well. After rev...

Polar tweed was discovered in mechanically stressed LaAlO3. Local patches of strained material (diameter ca. 5 μm) form interwoven patterns seen in birefringence images, Piezo-Force Microscopy (PFM) and Resonant Piezoelectric Spectroscopy (RPS). PFM and RPS observations prove unequivocally that electrical polarity exists inside the tweed patterns of LaAlO3. The local piezoelectric effect varies...

The electrical characteristics,charge collection eeciency and energy resolution of a GaAs detector made out of LEC material have been studied. A matrix of 36 square pixels was deposited on a 70 m thick crystal; each pixel had an area of 200x200 m 2 with 20 m spacing between adjacent pixels. This detector showed a charge collection eeciency uniformity among the pixels better than 88% when expose...

A simple and high-precision current-to-voltage (I/V) converter circuit for multimeters and oscillographs is presented in this paper. The I/V converter measures the electric current with uA and nA selectable ranges in the frequency range from direct current to 1MHz. Circuit technology is also discussed. System Architecture is presented and dual polarity power is designed. Power detector circuit ...