We investigate how the gender composition of migrant flows and the intra-household allocation of labor are employed as risk-coping strategies in El Salvador. We show that agricultural productivity shocks primarily increased male migration to the US and, at the same time, increased the number of hours that the household devoted to agricultural activities. In contrast, damage sustained from the 2...

Panicum turgidum is one of the most drought resistant plants in the Egyptian desert. Five habitat types were selected for the study: sand dunes (North Sinai and in Wady El-Natrun), gravel desert, coastal plain, and water runnels of a wadi bed (South Sinai and Eastern Desert). About 47.4% of the studied sites were subjected to high grazing pressure, 26.3% to moderate grazing pressure; the remain...

The low hierarchy within NP and the extended low hierarchy h a ve turned out to be very useful in classifying many i n teresting language classes. We relocate P=poly from the third-level EL P 3 (Balcc azar et al., 1986) to the third-level EL P 3 of the extended low hierarchy. The location of P=poly in EL P 3 is optimal since, as shown by Allender and Hemachandra (1992), there exist sparse sets ...

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were used to `®ngerprint' soil microbial communities that evolved during 25 years of wheat-fallow cropping following native mixed prairie sod at Sidney, Nebraska, USA. Total ester-linked FAMEs (EL-FAMEs) and phospholipid-linked FAMEs (PL-FAMEs) were compared for their ability to discriminate between plots remaining in sod and those cropped to wheat or left fallo...

[1] This study analyzes the spatial and temporal changes in sunshine duration (SunDu) and total cloud cover (TCC) over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) and four subregions during 1961–2004 using high-quality, homogenized data sets. The analyses confirm that over most of the IP and in most seasons, SunDu and TCC variations are strongly negatively correlated, with absolute values 0.8–0.9. Somewhat weak...

We are developing an autonomous mobile assistive robot named El-E to help individuals with severe motor impairments by performing various object manipulation tasks such as fetching, transporting, placing, and delivering. El-E can autonomously approach a location specified by the user through an interface such as a standard laser pointer and pick up a nearby object. The initial target user popul...

A block copolymer consisting of polyfluorene (PF) and polytriarylamine (PTAA) functionalized with green emitting phenoxazine moiety at the junction point of two blocks was designed and prepared for electroluminescent application. PF homopolymer was synthesized by Suzuki coupling polymerization, and was reacted with brominated phenoxazine. In the presence of the resulting PF functionalized with ...

Flexible, stretchable electroluminescent fibers are of significance to meet the escalating requirements of increasing complexity and multifunctionality of smart electronics. We report a stretchable alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) fiber by a low-cost and all solution-processed scalable process. The ACEL fiber provides high stretchability, decent light-emitting performance, with exc...

Articles you may be interested in Study of electric characteristics and diffusion effects of 2-methyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene doped with cesium fluoride by admittance spectroscopy Appl. Study of efficient and stable organic light-emitting diodes with 2-methyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene as hole-transport material by admittance spectroscopy Appl. Highly efficient deep blue organic electr...

Self-powered system that is interface-free is greatly desired for area-scalable application. Here we report a self-powered electroluminescent system that consists of a triboelectric generator (TEG) and a thin-film electroluminescent (TFEL) lamp. The TEG provides high-voltage alternating electric output, which fits in well with the needs of the TFEL lamp. Induced charges pumped onto the lamp by ...