Current techniques used for collagen alpha-chains and their CNBr fragments are reviewed. Ion exchange, gel permeation, reversed-phase and affinity chromatography are discussed mainly from the preparative aspects as these are both the techniques of choice to remove biological matrix contaminants always present in collagen preparations and techniques routinely used for preparative purposes. Among...

In this paper, a finite element based simulation approach for predicting the effect of microstructure on the stresses resulting from electromigration-induced diffusion is described. The electromigration and stress-driven diffusion equation is solved coupled to the mechanical equilibrium and elastic constitutive equation, where a diffusional inelastic strain is introduced. Here, the focus is on ...

A novel current-estimation approach is developed to support the analysis of electromigration failures in power supply and ground busses of CMOS VLSI circuits. It uses the original concept of probabilistic simulation to e ciently generate accurate estimates of the expected current waveform required for electromigration analysis. As such, the approach is pattern-independent and relieves the desig...

Consistent consideration of mission profiles throughout a supply chain is essential for the development of robust electronic components. Consideration of mission profiles is still mainly a manual task today despite rapidly decreasing robustness margins in modern automotive semiconductor technologies. Mission profile awareness aids the automation of robustness aware design by formalizing and par...