Currently, the majority of clinical trial sites in the United States use paper cheques as their primary method of payment, although it is proven that this process requires far higher administrative costs and yields lower subject retention rates than electronic payments. This payment preference persists despite recent data that approximately 25% of the American adult population does not have a b...

-E-Commerce offers the banking industry great opportunity, but also creates a set of new risks and vulnerability such as security threats. Information security, therefore, is an essential management and technical requirement for any efficient and effective Payment transaction activities over the internet. Still, its definition is a complex endeavor due to the constant technological and business...

Anonymity features of electronic payment systems are important for protecting privacy in an electronic world. However, complete anonymity prevents monitoring financial transactions and following the money trail, which are important tools for fighting serious crimes. To solve these type of problems several “escrowed cash” systems, that allow a “Trustee” to trace electronic money, were suggested....

In this paper we use the Generalised Population Based Incremental Learning (GPBIL) in order to find profit-maximizing strategies for the Artificial Payment Card Market (APCM). The artificial market has modeled explicitly a multidimensional consumers’ and merchants’ demand for payment instruments. Given the complex shape of the demand, we have found that the GPBIL effectively explores the areas ...

The Payments System Board of the Reserve Bank has responsibility for, among other things, promoting stability, efficiency and competition in the payments system. In respect of retail payment systems, the Board’s work has focused on: establishing clearer price signals to cardholders; removing restrictions on merchants that limit their choices in accepting payment instruments; improving access to...