The general solution of the antifield-independent Wess-Zumino consistency condition is worked out for models involving exterior form gauge fields of arbitrary degree. We consider both the free theory and theories with Chapline-Manton couplings. Our approach relies on solving the full set of descent equations by starting from the last element down (“bottom”). * [email protected], [email protected]...

A simple and facile approach was developed for monitoring EcoRI endonuclease activity and inhibition, in which a hairpin-like DNA containing restriction cutting site for EcoRI endonuclease acts as the sensing element and Hoechst dyes as the signal indicator in a label-free format.

The numerical solution of the free boundary Bernoulli problem is addressed. An iterative method based on a level-set formulation and boundary element method is proposed. Issues related to the implementation, the accuracy and the generality of the method are discussed. The efficiency of the approach is illustrated by numerical results.

this paper tends to investigate immorality written by andre gide, famous french writer of the 20th century. this research studies imagines of soil element in the immorality which is seen frequently in reverie of characters in this book. we show how author’s point of view and imagination result in speculations subject to this element, creating images to show internal spiritualities of characters...

This paper presents a multidisciplinary shape parameterization approach. The approach consists of two basic concepts: (1) parameterizing the shape perturbations rather than the geometry itself and (2) performing the shape deformation by means of the soft object animation algorithms used in computer graphics. Because the formulation presented in this paper is independent of grid topology, we can...

In this paper, a new method for coupling the finite element method (FEM) and the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) is proposed for linear elastic and geometrically nonlinear problems using local maximum entropy shape functions in the EFG zone of the problem domain. These shape functions possess a weak Kronecker delta property at the boundaries which provides a natural way to couple the EFG an...

It is well known that the standard displacement-based ®nite element approach to viscoelastic stress analysis in microfabrication technology is susceptible to the volumetric locking and highly oscillatory pressure solutions. As an e€ective remedy for these problems, a new ®nite element approach based on separate weak statements for the displacement and pressure is proposed in this paper. Apart f...

A new residual-type flux-free error estimator is presented. It computes upper and lower bounds of the error in energy norm with the ultimate goal of obtaining bounds for outputs of interest. The proposed approach precludes the main drawbacks of standard residual type estimators circumventing the need of flux-equilibration and resulting in a simple implementation that uses standard resources ava...

A new ®nite element model has been developed to simulate two-dimensional free surface ̄ow in rivers and estuaries. The variables of the model are the speci®c discharge and the water level. The algorithm takes into account the natural boundaries of the ̄ow, de®ned by the contour lines of zero depth, with a new approach that accepts positive and negative values for the water depth. In this way, we...