By using the Renormalization Group Equations in Chiral Perturbation Theory, one can calculate the double chiral logs that appear at two loops in any matrix element. We calculate them in the ππ scattering amplitude, where they represent the potentially largest two loop contribution. It is shown that their correction is reasonably small. ♯ Work supported in part by Schweizerischer Nationalfonds/ ...

Self-splicing group I introns come in two flavours - those with a homing endonuclease to promote mobility of the intron, and those without an endonuclease. How homing endonucleases and self-splicing introns associate to form a composite selfish genetic element is a question of long-standing interest. Recent work has revealed that a shared characteristic of both introns and endonucleases, the ta...

The realization of a cavity soliton laser using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor gain structure coupled to an external cavity with a frequency-selective element is reported. All-optical control of bistable solitonic emission states representing small microlasers is demonstrated by injection of an external beam. The control scheme is phase insensitive and hence expected to be rob...

background and aim: total hip replacement (thr) is done comprehensively all over the world. despite the effects of braces on control of thr complications , few studies have been performed on this subject. the purpose of this study was to evaluate immediate effect of hip abduction brace on mobility and functional balance of patients with thr.    materials and methods: eight men and nine women wi...

Osp94 (osmotic stress protein of 94 kDa) is known to be up-regulated by hypertonic and heat-shock stresses in mouse renal inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cells. To investigate the molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation of the Osp94 gene under these stresses, we cloned and characterized the 5'-flanking region of the gene. Sequence analysis of the proximal 4 kb 5'-flanking reg...

The cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) is the principal Ca2+ efflux mechanism in cardiocytes. The exchanger is up-regulated in both cardiac hypertrophy and failure. In this report, we identify the cis-acting elements that control cardiac expression and alpha-adrenergic up-regulation of the exchanger gene. Deletion analysis revealed that a minimal cardiac promoter fragment from -184 to +172 is su...

We have previously shown that a distal GU-rich downstream element of the mouse IgM secretory poly(A) site is important for polyadenylation in vivo and for polyadenylation specific complex formation in vitro. This element can be predicted to form a stem-loop structure with two asymmetric internal loops. As stem-loop structures commonly define protein RNA binding sites, we have probed the biologi...

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a cardiac hormone constitutively expressed in the adult heart. We previously showed that the human BNP (hBNP) proximal promoter region from -127 to -40 confers myocyte-specific expression. The proximal hBNP promoter contains several putative cis elements. Here we tested whether the proximal GATA element plays a role in basal and inducible regulation of the hBN...