OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors such as signalment, previous competition miles completed, ride characteristics, and physical examination variables associated with the elimination of horses during endurance competitions. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SAMPLE Veterinary records for 3,493 endurance horse competition starts. PROCEDURES Records were requested of all sanctioned 20...

This article studies the optimal intertemporal allocation of resources devoted to prevention deterministic infectious diseases that admit an endemic steady-state. Under general assumptions, control problem is shown be formally similar growth model with endogenous discounting. The dynamics then depends on interplay between epidemiological characteristics disease, labor productivity and degree in...

Low cost in vitro tools are needed at the screening stage of assessment of bioaccumulation potential of new and existing chemicals because the number of chemical substances that needs to be tested highly exceeds the capacity of in vivo bioconcentration tests. Thus, the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) system was modified to predict passive uptake/ elimination rate in fish...

BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to demonstrate mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS using a lactate stress test and to examine the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction with motor deterioration. METHODS We enrolled 116 patients and observed clinical variables, including the survival state. ...