In this paper, we show ACT-R agents capable of metacognitive reasoning about opponents in the repeated prisoner’s dilemma. Two types of metacognitive agent were developed and compared to a non-metacognitive agent and two fixed-strategy agents. The first type of metacognitive agent (opponent-perspective) takes the perspective of the opponent to anticipate the opponent’s future actions and respon...

Abstract The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of listening strategy instruction on students’ listening achievement and strategy use. The participants of the study were 50 English major freshman students of Dilla University. These Students were placed in experimental and control conditions for the purpose of comparing the mean difference between the two groups. The contro...

Metacognitive skills are critical in learning but difficult to teach. Thus the question becomes how can we facilitate metacognitive tutoring? We present an exploratory learning environment called MILA-T with embedded metacognitive tutors imitating five functional roles of teachers in classrooms. We tested MILA–T in a controlled experiment with 237 middle school students. We examine the impact o...

With the development of language teaching theories and researches, people gradually realize the importance of listening among the basic foreign language skills. Thus, how to improve the efficiency of foreign language listening teaching has long been a concern of researchers and foreign language teachers. As the beginning of English study, primary English is of significant importance for the lea...

This present study aimed to investigate the effects of the asynchronous web-based “General Teaching Methods” course conducted based on direct or indirect instructional methods on pre-service teachers’ achievement, metacognition, and attitudes towards web-based course. Two groups, a total of 63 third grade elementary science and mathematics education pre-service teachers, attended to one of the ...

the purpose of this study was twofold. firstly, it attempted to investigate whether language learning strategies (llss) can predict foreign language (fl) proficiency. secondly, it examined what kind of llss iranian learners of english use more frequently in fl institutes. to do so, 112 intermediate iranian efl learners participated in the study. oxford’s strategy inventory for language learning...

When students in Taiwan enter into higher education, the reading demands placed upon them often lead them to select ineffective and inefficient strategies with little strategic intent. To investigate how reading strategy use affects the development of Taiwanese EFL learners’ reading comprehension, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship and differences of four reading strategy...

Abstract The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of listening strategy instruction on students’ listening achievement and strategy use. The participants of the study were 50 English major freshman students of Dilla University. These Students were placed in experimental and control conditions for the purpose of comparing the mean difference between the two groups. The contro...