Human embryonic stem cell research can bring about major biomedical breakthroughs and thus contribute enormously to human welfare, yet it raises serious moral problems because it involves using human embryos for experiment. The ‘‘moral status of the human embryo’’ remains the core of such debates. Three different positions regarding the moral status of the human embryo can be categorised: the ‘...

An eggshell is a porous microstructure that regulates the passage of gases to allow respiration. The chick embryo and its circulatory system enclosed by the eggshell has become an important model for biomedical research such as the control of angiogenesis, cancer therapy, and drug delivery test, because the use of embryo is ethically acceptable and it is inexpensive and small. However, chick em...

There is great interest worldwide in discovering and developing a permanent source of tissues which would be capable of generating any cell type and which would avoid the problem of transplant rejection. Stem cells are cells that can specialize into the many different cells found in the human body. The ethical objections concerning stem cells have focused primarily on their source. Human embryo...

The chick embryo is a classic model that has been used to gain insight into developmental processes and cell fate within the embryo for over a century. For the most part, investigators have implanted quail cells into a chicken embryo. A more powerful tool for developmental biology research than the quail:chick chimera system would be to have lines of transgenic chickens expressing reporter gene...

Amendment text: SEC. 509. (a) None of the funds made available in this Act may be used for-(1) the creation of a human embryo or embryos for research purposes; or (2) research in which a human embryo or embryos are destroyed, discarded, or knowingly subjected to risk of injury or death greater than that allowed for research on fetuses in utero under 45 CFR 46.204(b) and section 498(b) of the Pu...

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TH• extensive investigations that have been carried on in the field of avian embryology have largely concerned the chicken as a representative subject. There are, however, two different general types of development among birds, namely: the nidifugous type, which results in the precocial condition at hatching, and the nidicolous type, which gives rise to the altricial condition. Various degrees ...

As part of its plans to reduce substantially public spending, the UK is disbanding many of the advisory bodies it has traditionally paid to provide independent advice on a wide range of issues. Amongst these, two have been key in providing scientific advice. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) was established in 1991 as a source of expertise on assisted fertilisation and hum...

Some of the human embryos generated by in vitro fertilization (iVF) are treas­ ured by the couples whose gametes were fused to create them; they may fulfil the wish of the prospective parents to have a child. We call these ‘wanted embryos’. it would be wrong to destroy such embryos in research; however, not all embryos are wanted. We argue that it is, with the con­ sent of the parents, morally ...