the european court lifted the italian ban on pre-implantation diagnostics (pgd). as such the court accepted pgd as a generally accepted means for medically assisted procreation, which may have consequences for other member states prohibiting pgd.

background : the word death has been brought in several verses of quran. the purpose of this study is to discuss and compare similarities and differences between quran’s and forensics’ perspective in terms of death. methods: the present study is carried out by library studies on multiple interpretations of quran, interpretation of juridical references and comparing them with current forensics k...

Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase)-8 has long been considered a promoter of apoptosis and part the mechanism by which cytotoxic drugs kill cancer cells. With continuous exploration types programmed cell death, an increasing number studies have confirmed that caspase-8 plays important role in cancer. Recently, scholars proposed term “PANoptosis,” mainly includes three death modes,...

while our knowledge of anuran embryonic and larval surface ciliation and their diversity ofciliation patterns are significant, very few references were noticed on embryonic ciliation in direct-developinganurans, such as species in the genus eleutherodactylus. eleutherodactylus urichi embryos were found tohave surface ciliated cells during much of their development until a few days before hatchi...

The number of neurons in the mammalian brain is determined by a balance between cell proliferation and programmed cell death. Recent studies indicated that Bcl-X(L) prevents, whereas Caspase-3 mediates, cell death in the developing nervous system, but whether Bcl-X(L) directly blocks the apoptotic function of Caspase-3 in vivo is not known. To examine this question, we generated bcl-x/caspase-3...

Some symbiotic bacteria cause remarkable reproductive phenotypes like cytoplasmic incompatibility and male-killing in their host insects. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these symbiont-induced reproductive pathologies are of great interest but poorly understood. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster and its native Spiroplasma symbiont strain MSRO were investigated as to how the ho...

In many arthropods, the appearance of new segments and their differentiation are not completed by end embryogenesis but continue, in different form degree, well after hatching, some cases up to last post-embryonic molt. Focusing on segmentation process currently described as segment addition (or, anamorphosis), we revise here current knowledge discuss it an evolutionary framework which involves...

In this investigation the effects of excess vitamin A administration during the early embryonic period were studied. Intramuscular injection of a single dose of 15000,20000 or 25000 IU/kg vitamin A to pregnant Balb/c strain mice on either day 7,8,9 or 10 of gestation (vaginal plug= day 0 of gestation) produced major malformations in the central nervous system (CNS) including exencephaly, h...