In most boys referred for circumcision preputial adhesions are the only problem, but these can predispose to recurrent balanitis. A simple technique using Emla cream (eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine) has been devised which allows the adhesions to be separated painlessly in the outpatient clinic. The technique was used on 39 boys aged 2 to 12 years referred for circumcision, none o...

BACKGROUND The 7% lidocaine and 7% tetracaine (LT) peel is a self-occlusive, topical local anesthetic that has been proven safe and effective for use in conjunction with many dermatologic procedures, including cryotherapy, collagen injections, and various laser treatments. The product is applied directly to the skin as a cream that dries within 20 to 30 minutes of air exposure to form a flexibl...

Introduction Many studies have determined the influence of provoking reduced plantar foot sensitivity on plantar pressure distribution patterns during the roll-over process (ROP) [1-3], but differ considerably in their approaches and results. This raises the question of whether the method of provoking decreased plantar foot sensitivity is responsible for the different results or whether subject...

Background Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an endocrine condition that requires regularly blood samples for optimal treatment. The management of CAH in children is complex when intravenous access is one of the most stressful procedures for children. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of nitrous oxide inhalation (N2O) in combination with cutaneous application ...

Background Dental extraction is one of the common procedures in field dentistry. However, fear and anxiety about local anesthetic injections are unavoidable for most patients. Topical anesthetics, distraction techniques, acupuncture, application heat or cold have been used practice to alleviate injection-related pain. The specific aim this study was compare pain-relieving efficacy eutectic mixt...

BACKGROUND Lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA) is currently standard therapy to alleviate procedural pain in children. One of the disadvantages of lidocaine-prilocaine is the need to wait for 60 minutes for adequate skin anesthesia. Amethocaine gel (Ametop) is a new topical anesthetic that requires a shorter application time for skin anesthesia. OBJECTIVES To compare the relative efficacy and s...