Age difference in the etiology of the relationship between childhood negative emotionality (NE) and conduct problems (CP) has not been previously investigated. Mothers of 662 pairs of twins completed questions on the emotionality (NE) scale of the EAS temperament survey and the CP scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ) via a telephone interview. Twin data were analyzed sep...

Previous studies have emphasized that antisocial personality disorder (APD) and psychopathy overlap highly but differ critically in several features, notably negative emotionality (NEM) and possibly amygdala reactivity to social signals of threat and distress. Here we examined whether dimensions of psychopathy and APD correlate differentially with NEM and amygdala reactivity to emotional faces....

Rationality is one of the most over-used words in economics. Behaviour can be rational, or irrational. So can decisions, preferences, beliefs, expectations, decision procedures, and knowledge. There may also be bounded rationality. And recent work in game theory has considered strategies and beliefs or expectations that are “rationalizable”. Here I propose to assess how economists use and mis-u...

I took the title of this chapter from an email Herbert A. Simon sent me in May 1999. In this email, he wrote a statement for the back cover of Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart in which he commented: “I think the book strikes a great blow for sanity in the approach to rationality [and shows] why more than minor tampering with existing optimization theory is called for.” But Herb wouldn’t be ...

one of the approaches which defends the rationality of religious beliefs is the reformed epistemology. among reformed epistemologists, wolterstorff’s view is subject to less criticism. this article tries to present epistemological foundations of wolterstorff’s view by describing and analyzing the statements which he has offered in his works. wolterstorff’s epistemological foundations are explai...

In diverse fields such as computer science, economics and psychology, bounded rationality has emerged as an important research topic. Models which assume the existence of perfectly rational agents seem inadequate for many realworld problems where agents often lack perfect rationality. Classes of imperfect rationality include the conditions of incomplete knowledge, memory, information or computa...

The introduction of a small amount of bounded rationality into a model sometimes has little effect, and sometimes has a dramatic impact on predicted behavior. We call a model robust to bounded rationality if small deviations from rationality result only in small changes in the equilibrium set. We also say that a model is structurally stable if the equilibrium set (given fully rational agents) v...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating disorder of altered mood regulation. Despite well established sex differences in MDD prevalence, the mechanism underlying the increased female vulnerability remains unknown. Although evidence suggests an influence of adult circulating hormone levels on mood (i.e. activational effects of hormones), MDD prevalence is consistently higher in women a...

the edinburgh school of social epistemology is one of the emergent contemporary schools of epistemology which has been systematically put forth and formulated since the late 1960s. theorizing, the edinburgh school specifically deals scientific knowledge (natural sciences) and is chiefly characterized by the fact that it criticizes root and branch the scientific knowledge sociologically. that is...

Recent research in group cognition points towards the existence of collective cognitive competencies that transcend individual group members' cognitive competencies. Since rationality is a key cognitive competence for group decision making, and group cognition emerges from the coordination of individual cognition during social interactions, this study tests the extent to which collaborative and...