OBJECTIVE To share with potential authors tips for communicating their ideas more clearly in a scholarly manuscript. DESCRIPTION Communicating scientific, technical, or medical information so that readers can understand its meaning requires logical organization and proper use of language. These 30 tips review basic English grammar and suggest ways authors can clearly and concisely present the...

Outcomes research focuses on the end results of health care, with emphasis on the patient experience. The field is not a singular discipline, but rather draws on a broad range of primary fields to produce knowledge that can inform decisions at the patient and health system level. Outcomes research uses a wide spectrum of methods that include experimental and nonexperimental designs. It is disti...

580 E ach day of sleep medicine practice brings patients who use a variety of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies. In this issue Sood and colleagues report on a survey regarding the use of CAM that was administered to sequential patients undergoing polysomnography at their center. 1 The survey indicated that the majority of respondents have used CAM therapies consisting of wh...

the perception of physician shortage in canada is widespread. absolute shortages and relative discrepancies, both specialty-wise and in urban-rural distribution, have been a daunting policy challenge. international medical graduates (imgs) have been at the core of mitigating this problem, especially as long as shortage of physicians in rural areas is concerned. considering such recruitment as h...

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most important diseases of cattle responsible for major economic losses in dairy industries of Iran. So far, no nationwide program has been taken in Iran to control and eradicate the disease. Moreover, until now, no vaccination program has been practiced against BVD in Iran, although the disease is prevailing in the country. For effective controlling of...