The relationship between phenotype and fitness can be visualized as a rugged landscape. Multiple fitness peaks on this landscape are predicted to drive early bursts of niche diversification during adaptive radiation. We measured the adaptive landscape in a nascent adaptive radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas, and found multiple coexisting high-fitness regio...

The first Jewish ghetto in Poland, established soon after the German invasion in 1939, was perhaps the most hermetically sealed-off mass prison of World War II. As the living conditions deteriorated year after year, the depleted community was plagued by epidemics of infections and endemic diseases. The extermination process was completed with frequent “relocations to the East,” as the deportati...

INTRODUCTION schistosomiasis is kept under epidemiolotical surveillance in some areas of Brazil. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis in the city of Belo Horizonte in Minas Gerais, Brazil, through epidemiological indicators. METHODS a descriptive study was conducted by using the System of Information and Notification of Grievances (SINAN) that contains the ...

Introduction Detection and response to seasonal outbreaks of endemic diseases provides an excellent testbed for quantitative bio-surveillance. As a case study we focus on annual influenza outbreaks. To incorporate observed year-over-year variation in flu incidence cases and timing of outbreaks, we analyze a stochastic compartmental SIS model that includes seasonal forcing by a latent Markovian ...

Understanding the way in which habitat fragmentation disrupts animal dispersal is key to identifying effective and efficient conservation strategies. To differentiate the potential effectiveness of 2 frequently used strategies for increasing the connectivity of populations in fragmented landscapes-corridors and stepping stones-we combined 3 complimentary methods: behavioral studies at habitat e...

A hydatid cyst is an endemic disease in our country. Clinical manifestation includes cyst formation, most commonly in the liver and lungs. Renal, brain, and subcuteneous localizations are rare. Here we report four cases: two cases of primary renal hydatid disease, one of intracranial hydatid cyst, and one of subcutaneous hydatid cyst. We discuss the prevalence, diagnostic workup, and management...

We report the first three documented cases of murine typhus imported into Europe from Indonesia, discuss clues for the diagnosis of the disease, and urge that murine fever be considered in the diagnosis of febrile disease in travelers.

Murine typhus case was initially identified in Reunion, France, in 2012 in a tourist. Our investigation confirmed 8 autochthonous cases that occurred during January 2011-January 2013 in Reunion. Murine typhus should be considered in local patients and in travelers returning from Reunion who have fevers of unknown origin.

the Executive Health Officer. As endemic typhus has many clinical features resembling the enteric group of diseases and as laboratory aid is not sought in all cases of continued fevers, and, further, as the practitioner is less familiar with typhus than with enteric, it is probable that many cases of the former are clinically mistaken for the latter and notified as such. It is obvious, therefor...

African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense has not been reported in Italy. We report 2 cases diagnosed in the summer of 2004. Theses cases suggest an increased risk for expatriates working in trypanosomiasis-endemic countries. Travel medicine clinics should be increasingly aware of this potentially fatal disease.