The synthesis, characterization and application of biologically synthesized nanomaterials have become an important branch of nanotechnology. In this paper, we report the synthesis of highly dispersed silver nanoparticles using a dried stem bark of Boswellia ovalifoliolata. Bark extract as the reducing agent and tested the effect on seed germination and seedling growth. After exposing the silver...

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Introduction The Cape Verdean bryophyte flora comprises representatives of various floristic elements including Afrotropical, Neotropical, Mediterranean and Asiatic elements, together with some endemic taxa. However, the knowledge bryophytes lags far behind that vascular plants.Methods A total seven sites were sampled during 2016 in Verde archipelago, one on São Vicente six Santo Antão.Results ...

The Streptanthus morrisonii (Brassicaceae) complex is a group of six narrowly-distributed obligate serpentine endemic taxa whose habitat is threatened by geothermal development. Isozyme analysis of this little-studied complex supports the delineation of two species, S. morrisonii and S. brachiatus, but is at odds with the treatment of two subspecies based on morphology. These results may be inf...

Testing non-typified names by applying rules of circumscriptional nomenclature shows that in most cases the traditional usage can be supported. However, the original circumscription of several widely used non-typified names does not fit the taxa they are applied to. Here I discuss names historically applied to the taxa whose correct circumscriptional names should be Hexapoda, Amyocerata, Triplu...

Macaronesia has long been recognized as a natural model for studying evolutionary processes in plant diversification. Several studies have attempted to focus on single lineages, and few have covered the diversification of a family across all the archipelagos. We used a comprehensive sample to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and the biogeographic history of the Macaronesian Campanulaceae....

Conodonts are the most important fossil remains from the largest Phanerozoic extinction as well as the mass extinction of the late Paleozoic and could be used for exact dating during this period. Triassic deposits located in the Elikah Formation contain exposures in most of the Alborz sections as well as the Zal section in northwestern Iran. In this study, the Elikah Formation was investigated ...

High species diversity and endemism within Madagascar is mainly the result of species radiations following colonization from nearby continents or islands. Most of the endemic taxa are thought to be descendants of a single or small number of colonizers that arrived from Africa sometime during the Cenozoic and gave rise to highly diverse groups. This pattern is largely based on vertebrates and a ...