Papanicolaou smears have false-negative rates of 6 percent to 56 percent that are due, in large part, to inadequate sampling of endocervical cells. A randomized, prospective trial was conducted comparing the adequacy of Papanicolaou smears obtained with the cytobrush and Ayre spatula with smears obtained with the extended-tip spatula, as measured by the presence of endocervical cells. One hundr...

the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of chlamydia trachomatisgenotypes in shiraz, iran. two hundred twelve cervical swab samples were collected from women attendingshahid motahari polyclinic in shiraz, iran. the endocervical specimens were screened for c. trachomatis byplasmid pcr. genotyping was performed in c. trachomatis-positive samples by nested pcr ...

Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a common cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and a prevalent microorganism found in the vaginal discharge of sexually active women. The infection usually has no symptoms; although it may cause chronic complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, tubal infertility and cervical cancer. This stu...

We present the diagnostic problems in a case of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Histopathologic exam of the tumor, made on serial sections, revealed a dense and profound proliferation of the glandular structures that were lined by endocervical type epithelia with minimal cellular and nuclear atypia. The aspect suggested the diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma endocervi...

Studies have shown that the transmission of HIV is most likely to occur via rectal or vaginal routes, and rarely through oral exposure. However, the mechanisms of virus entry at mucosal surfaces remain incompletely understood. Prophylactic strategies against HIV infection may be attainable once gaps in current knowledge are filled. To address these gaps, we evaluated essentially normal epitheli...

OBJECTIVE To compare the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Amplicor Chlamydia trachomatis test with the cell culture method, in diagnosing urogenital chlamydial infections. SUBJECTS 439 patients (327 women and 112 men) attending one STD clinic and Family Planning and Gynaecological Clinics in Lisbon, Portugal, between November 1993 and March 1994. METHODS In women, two endocervical swab sampl...

The aim of our study was to determine whether the HPV genotype identified by DNA chip (HDC) test could predict recurrence high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2–3) in women who had undergone a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and negative margins. We analyzed data 1021 with CIN2–3 treated LEEP where histology confirmed resection were followed up HDC endocervical cytol...

Introduction: Infertility has been known to cause serious social and emotional problems worldwide. Besides other causes of female infertility, the role reproductive tract infection is well recognized. Lower genital infection, be it symptomatic or asymptomatic, need diagnosed treated properly. In view this our study was done. Aim & Objectives: To evaluate bacteriological profile lower in inf...