Humans are usually exposed to several pesticides simultaneously; consequently, combined actions between pesticides themselves or between pesticides and other chemicals need to be addressed in the risk assessment. Many pesticides are efficient activators of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and/or constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), two major nuclear receptors that are also activated by other substr...

Residues of organochlorine pesticides were determined in soils and drinking water sources in cocoa growing areas in Ghana. Soil samples analysed showed the presence of four organochlorine pesticide residues namely lindane (0.005-0.05 mg/kg), beta-HCH (<0.01-0.05 mg/kg), dieldrin (0.005-0.02 mg/kg), and p,p'-DDT (0.005-0.04 mg/kg), with dieldrin occurring most frequently. Similarly, organochlori...

Humans are usually exposed to several pesticides simultaneously; consequently, combined actions between pesticides themselves or between pesticides and other chemicals need to be addressed in the risk assessment. Many pesticides are efficient activators of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and/or constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), two major nuclear receptors that are also activated by other substr...

Pesticides are commonly used for health and economic benefits worldwide, but increased use has led to increased contamination of aquatic habitats. To understand potential impacts on nontarget organisms in these habitats, toxicologists generally use short-term (4-d) toxicity tests on model organisms. For most pesticides, few amphibian tests have been conducted, but there is growing concern about...

Over the centuries, humans have developed many ingenious methods in their attempts to control herbs, weeds, insects, invertebrates and microorganisms that constantly threatened the supply of food and fibre as well as posed a threat to public health. The aim of present study was to find out the protective nature of antioxidant property of vitamin E in against chlorpyrifos and endosulfan toxicity...

The effect of the pesticide endosulfan on predator-prey interactions between catfish and Schistosoma host snails was assessed in static tank experiments. Hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × C. ngamensis) and Bulinus globosus were subjected to various endosulfan concentrations including an untreated control. The 48- and 96-h LC50 values for catfish were 1.0 and <0.5 µg/L, respectively, whereas ...

A research has been undertaken studying pesticide losses from areas with intense agricultural and horticultural productions such as vegetables, cotton, pot plants and flowers, taking grab and composite samples including using passive SPMD samplers in ditches, creeks, rivers and groundwater, in addition to greenhouse and imported products. Pesticides were frequently found, occasionally in high c...

The bio-efficacy of endosulfan 0.07% with different quality of water as spray fluid was studied against different larval instars of Spodoptera. litura in laboratory condition. Among the four different quality of water, rain water and river water as spray fluid proved to be most effective while sea water as spray fluid resulted in low per cent mortality in different instars of S. litura, due to ...