pastures play an important role in protecting environment and ecosystems. unfortunately more than 40 percent of pasturess in the world have been destroyed and 20 percent of destroyed pastures are located in developing countries. application of solar energy could significantly contribute to preserving the pastures. the main purpose of this study was to examine the role of solar energy in protect...

in the last quarter of the century, a substantial amount of research work has been conducted on optimization of energy consumption by refrigeration systems and on proper design and construction of household refrigerator-freezers. the importance of such energy optimization schemes stems from the environmental impacts of freon (r-12) used as the working refrigerant in household refrigerator – fre...

the rice conversion process is an agricultural transformative industry that consumes a great deal of fossil fuel and electricity. in this study, the effect of different factors on energy consumption, energy consumption index and whitening index were investigated. the experimental design was a split plot design with four whitening periods (15, 30, 45, 60s) (main plot), three rice varieties (khaz...

The Hubble relation between distance and redshift is a purely cosmographic relation that depends only on the symmetries of a FLRW spacetime, but does not intrinsically make any dynamical assumptions. This suggests that it should be possible to estimate the parameters defining the Hubble relation without making any dynamical assumptions. To test this idea, we perform a number of inter-related co...

In this study, the overall performance of air PV/T, based on energy and exergy analysis has been investigated. Two combinations of air PV/T, which consist of unglazed and glazed air PV/T, are considered. Thermal analysis and numerical calculations were carried out, and the performance parameters of the system for the climate conditions of Kerman were studied. The results are presented in graphs...