In this position paper, we consider some foundational topics regarding smart contracts (such as terminology, automation, enforceability, and semantics) and define a smart contract as an agreement whose execution is both automatable and enforceable. We explore a simple semantic framework for smart contracts, covering both operational and non-operational aspects. We describe templates and agreeme...

Assertions or contracts are an important technique to improve the quality of software. Thus, assertions are also desirable for functional logic programming. Unfortunately, there is no established meaning of assertions in languages with a demand-driven evaluation strategy. Strict assertions are immediately checked but may influence the behavior of programs. Lazy assertions do not modify the beha...

A large and growing literature has demonstrated that explicit incentives, such as enforceable contracts, can lead agents to withhold effort. We investigate when this behavioral result arises and identify when principals do worse from using enforceable contracts with their agents. In an extensive laboratory experiment, we find that imposing control through an enforceable contract is only detrime...

We investigate how and to which extent one can exploit riskaversion and modify the perceived cost of the players in selfish routing so that the Price of Anarchy (PoA) is improved. We introduce small random perturbations to the edge latencies so that the expected latency does not change, but the perceived cost of the players increases due to riskaversion. We adopt the model of γ-modifiable routi...

Execution monitoring (EM) is a widely adopted class of security mechanisms. EM-enforceable security properties are usually characterized by security automata and their derivatives. However Edit automata (EA) have been recently proposed to specify more powerful EMs. Being able to feign the execution of sensitive program actions, these EMs are supposed to enforce more security properties. However...

editorial editorial l ong ago, in a political galaxy far away, i was educated at one of the world's elite universities. neither i, nor my middle-class parents, paid a penny in upfront fees for this privilege. in fact, the state—or more precisely my local municipality—paid me a substantial 'maintenance grant' every term which covered my room in college, living expenses, books and other study ess...

OBJECTIVE To measure comprehensiveness of California campus tobacco policies. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen campuses representing different regions, institution types, and policies. Research occurred June-August 2013. METHODS Comprehensiveness was scored using American College Health Association's (ACHA) Position Statement on Tobacco. The Institutional Grammar Tool was used to breakdown policy state...

Runtime monitoring is a widely used approach to ensure code safety. Several implementations of formal monitors have been proposed in the literature, and these differ with respect to the set of security policies that they are capable of enforcing. In this survey, we examine the evolution of knowledge regarding the issue of precisely which security policies monitors are capable of enforcing. We i...

Providing statistical quality-of-service guarantees introduces the conflicting requirements for both deterministic trafic models to isolate and police users and statistical multiplexing to ejiciently utilize and share network resources. We address this issue by introducing two schemes for providing statistical services to deterministically policed sources: (1) adversarial mode resource allocati...