Trade subject to predation generates externalities within and between markets. Efficient tax, infrastructure and enforcement policies internalize the net externality — more trade ⇒ fewer predators but drawn to trade at rising cost. The balance is positive (negative) as enforcement is weak (strong). Dual economies pair weak Periphery and strong Core enforcement markets. Efficient taxation and in...

one of the most controversial issues in international commercial arbitrations in the last two decades is enforcement of arbitral awards which have been annulled in their country/ies of issuance or in broader word in their country/ies of origin. two contradictory opinions on the matter are based on two different approaches on territorial or extraterritorial effect of nullification of arbitral aw...

The design principle of restricting local autonomy only where necessary for global robustness has led to a scalable Internet. Unfortunately, this scalability and capacity for distributed control has not been achieved in the mechanisms for specifying and enforcing security policies. The STRONGMAN system described in this paper demonstrates three new approaches to providing efficient local policy...

Architecture description languages define component interfaces with sequential contracts, which allow for static analysis of method call sequences in component or service interactions. However, component and service platforms like OSGi for Java do not provide mechanisms for the specification or enforcement of such sequential contracts. Thus the contracts are only defined in the documentation wh...

Privacy in cloud computing is a major concern for individuals, governments, service and platform providers. In this context, the compliance with regards to policies and regulations about personal data protection is essential, but hard to achieve, as the implementation of privacy controls is subject to diverse kinds of errors. In this paper we present how the enforcement of privacy policies can ...

There are no uniform protocols in the United States for safe, environmentally acceptable disposal of controlled substances by patients. In addition, there are conflicting protocols used by various institutions for the disposal of narcotic medications. Although the US Drug Enforcement Administration oversees the prescribing, acquisition, and distribution of controlled substances and works to pre...