The effect of lidocaine on re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias (RVA) was studied in dogs 3-7 days following ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery; direct recordings were made of the re-entrant pathway (RP) from the epicardial surface of the infarction zone (IZ). Lidocaine in a therapeutic dose consistently prolonged refractoriness of potentially RP(s) in the IZ and produced a highe...

E-business enterprises provide personalize services for customers based on their privacy information. However, customers benefit from personalization while suffering from privacy concern. The tradeoff between consumers’ benefit function and firms’ earnings function are explored when an incumbent adopts privacy protection in perfect monopoly market. It also found that when the potential entrant ...

Spectrummanagement based on private commons is argued to be a realistic scenario for cognitive radio deployment within the current mobile market structure. A scenario is proposed where a secondary entrant operator leases spectrum from a primary incumbent operator. The secondary operator innovates incorporating cognitive radio technology, and it competes in quality of service and price against t...

Fracture toughness of re-entrant foam materials with a negative Poisson's ratio is explored experimentally as a function of permanent volumetric compression ratio, a processing variable. JIC values of toughness of negative Poisson's ratio open cell copper foams are enhanced by 80%, 130%, and 160% for permanent volumetric compression ratio values of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0, respectively, compared to t...

There is a close interrelationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL). Atrial fibrillation of variable duration precedes the onset of AFL in almost all instances; during AF, the functional components needed to complete the AFL re-entrant circuit, principally a line of block (LoB) between the vena cavae, are formed; if this LoB does not form, classical AFL does not develop...

In the whole heart, millions of cardiac cells are involved in ventricular fibrillation (VF). Experimental studies indicate that VF is sustained by re-entrant activity, and that each re-entrant wave rotates around a filament of phase singularity. Filaments act as organising centres, and offer a way to simplify and quantify the complex spatio-temporal behaviour observed in VF. Where a filament to...

The mothballing option has been studied in the literature, but mainly decision theoretic frameworks. This paper looks at it from a strategic point of view and applies to an incumbent-entrant framework. In particular, based on recent interactions between OPEC shale oil industry, we conduct case study where incumbent is flexible producer that competes with representative firm. Upon entry, latter ...

Previous articles have noted the possibility of socially ineficient levels of entry in markets in whichJirms must incurjixed set-up costs upon entry. This article identijies thefundamental and intuitive forces that lie behind these entry biases. Ifan entrant causes incumbentJirms to reduce output, entry is more desirable to the entrant than it is to society. There is therefore a tendency toward...