Several recent papers propose competing theoretical explanations for the empirical observation of an inverted U-shape relationship between enviromental degradation and per-capita income. We proprose the following test of the theory: calibrate a theoretical model to an already developed economy using information unrelated to the pollution-income curve. Then simulate the model starting from a les...

■ Abstract The consequences of early agricultural development in several regions of the Old and New Worlds included population growth, the spread of new material cultures and of food-producing economies, the expansions of language families, and in many cases the geographical expansions of the early farming populations themselves into territories previously occupied by hunters and gatherers. Thi...

It is axiomatic to the social sciences, and an essential part of the network perspective, that human performances are intricately linked with their social and enviromental contexts. Researchers in each of the disciplines have rediscovered this in the past decade with respect to a whole host of specific problem areas, under such labels as “context effects”, “index utility”. and “systems analysis...

Background: In the idividuals with genetic and enviromental risk factors, immune events at mucosal surfaces occur may precede systemic autoimmunity. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are present in serum for an average of 3-5 years prior to onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during asymptomatic period. ACPA-positivite individuals, additional presence RA-related factors appears add signi...