Purpose: The theory of constraints (TOC) drum-buffer-rope methodology is appropriate when managing a production plant in complex environments, such as make-to-order (MTO) scenarios. However, some difficulties have been detected implementing this changing environments. This case study analyses MTO company to identify the key factors that influence execution third step TOC. It also aims evaluate ...

The population-ecology approach (the natural-selection model) used to be a major orientation in consideration of organizational change and transformation. It is presented by its proponents as a theory distinct from structural contingency theory. This theory begins by rejecting the claim of contingency theory that organizations are adaptive. Contingency theory understands that the social and bus...

I review several bodies of empirical urban theory relevant to the archaeological analysis of ancient cities. Empirical theory is a type of “middlerange theory” (following Robert Merton): sets of concepts and methods that are less abstract, and have greater empirical content, than high-level social theory. The categories of theory reviewed here include environment-behavior theory, architectural ...