The field of nanotechnology currently is undergoing a dramatic expansion in material science research and development. Most of the research efforts have been focused on applications; the implications (i.e., health and environmental effects) research has lagged behind. The success of nanotechnology will require assurances that the products being developed are safe from an environmental, health, ...

Many notable pollution problems occur in industries where production is carried out under vertical coordination arrangements that are characterized by conditions of double moral hazard. In contrast to situations characterized by full informatio n, we show that standard prescriptions of environmental economics do not apply. Imposing a Pigouvian tax equal to the marginal cost of pollution does no...

5 et seq.) requires that the Governor cause to be published a list of those chemicals " known to the state " to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. The Act specifies that " a chemical is known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity … if in the opinion of the state's qualified experts the chemical has been clearly shown through scientifically valid testing according to generall...

This article reports the results of a pilot study designed to ascertain the prevalence of lead-based paint (LBP), vermin, mold, and safety conditions and hazards and to validate observations and self-reports against environmental sampling data. Data are based on a convenience sample of 70 dwellings in a low-income, urban neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. The vast majority of residences (96%) ...

introduction traditional knowledge (tk), indigenous knowledge (ik), traditional ecological knowledge (tek) and local knowledge generally refer to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities. traditional knowledge includes types of knowledge about traditional technologies of subsistence (e.g. tools and techniques for hunting or agriculture)...

Some substances are mixtures of very large number of constituents which vary widely in their properties, and thus also in terms of their environmental fate and the hazard that they may pose to humans and the environment. Examples of such substances include industrial chemicals such as the chlorinated paraffins, technical pesticides such as toxaphene, and unintended combustion side products, suc...

Soil erosion is one of the most important environmental problems, and it remains a major threat to the land use of mountainous environment. Runoff from eroding mountainous landscapes contains sediment and any nutrients, fertilizers that were present in the soil. Soil erosion may be reflected in reduced crop production potential, lower surface water quality and damaged drainage networks. Assessm...

The People's Republic of China suffers each year from various environmental hazards. Although risk perception study has a 40-year history in Europe and North America, little is known about risk perception in China. Previous studies of risk perception have primarily focused on unnatural hazards, but China has experienced many natural environmental hazards. Therefore, the Chinese public's percept...

Continuous input of pharmaceuticals into rivers, through wastewater treatment systems, may cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems of the receiving waterbodies, due to the intrinsic biological activity of these compounds. To investigate this issue, we have carried out an Environmental Risk Assessment in the lower part of the Llobregat River basin (NE Spain). The survey was carried out a...