OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between eczema ever (EE) and current eczema symptoms (ES) in relation to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). DESIGN A cross-sectional study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. SETTING 16 schools were randomly selected from two neighbourhoods situated in Ekurhuleni Metr...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of habitual snoring (HS) in 1-year-old children, and to assess the relationship between HS and atopic status in these children. DESIGN Cross-sectional evaluation of a birth cohort selected from the population. SETTING Ohio and Kentucky River Valley communities. PARTICIPANTS Children participating in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Poll...

This review summarizes the carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoke and the basis for interaction between tobacco smoke and genetic factors. Examples of published papers on gene-tobacco interaction and cancer risk are presented. The assessment of gene-environment interaction in tobacco-related cancers has been more complex than originally expected for several reasons, including the multiplicity of...

We evaluated the implementation process of Richmond, California's citywide smoke-free multiunit housing ordinance. We conducted semistructured focus groups with multiunit housing tenants, owners, and managers. Residents understood the harms of secondhand smoke but lacked accurate information about the ordinance and questioned its enforceability. They shared concerns that the city lacked cessati...

The main purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate determinants of hair nicotine concentrations in nonsmoking women and children exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke at home. Hair samples were collected from nonsmoking women (n = 852) and from children (n = 1,017) <11 years of age living in households (n = 1,095) with smokers from 31 countries from July 2005 to October 2006. Participant...

The objective of this study was to assess the validity of two questions about the perception of intensity of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home using as a reference environmental markers (airborne nicotine and benzene) and biomarkers of exposure (cotinine in saliva and urine). This was a cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of 49 non-smoking volunteers. We found a high correlat...

The aim of this study was to show the interactions between nicotine dependency, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and smoking status including environmental passive tobacco smoke exposure in a sample of Turkish adolescents. This study was a cross-sectional research conducted among high school students of Erzurum province (n=536). The level of exhaled CO of all participants who accepted to participat...

The aim of this analysis was to examine the effect of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. The study population included 2,283 nonsmokers from a nested cohort study undertaken in southern Connecticut from 1988 to 1992. The duration and intensity of exposures incurred at multiple locations during the third trimester of pregnancy were measured...

OBJECTIVE To describe how the tobacco industry developed a network of consultants to promote ventilation as a "solution" to secondhand smoke (SHS) in the USA. METHODS Analysis of previously secret tobacco industry documents. RESULTS As with its other strategies to undermine the passage of clean indoor legislation and regulations, the tobacco industry used consultants who represented themsel...