This work describes a stochastic approach for the optimal placement of sensors in municipal water networks to detect maliciously injected contaminants. The model minimizes the expected fraction of the population at risk. Our work explicitly includes uncertainties in attack risks and population density, so that the resulting problem involves optimization under uncertainty. In our formulation, we...

<strong>Abstract. </strong>In Timor-Leste, supplying clean water is the responsibility of Serviço de Água e Saneamento (SAS). The study area in Zone I, locates Comoro, Dili. service uses groundwater as source with two types reservoirs; rectangular and cylinder. <strong>Objectives</strong>: This aims to evaluate existing condition distribution network (WDN) I by using Epa...

In recent years, GIS applications in water resources management have become widespread and diverse in the Province of Ontario, Canada. Application areas include urban infrastructure master planning for storm and sanitary drainage systems, water distribution, watershed planning, and regional groundwater protection. This development has occurred despite the challenge faced by users that base data...

This population-based retrospective cohort study examined the association between developmental disorders of learning, attention and behavior and prenatal and early postnatal drinking water exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Subjects were identified through birth records from 1969 through 1983. Exposure was modeled using information from town water departments, a ...

This paper considers development of a methodology for an on-line energy and leakage management in water distribution systems, formulated within a model predictive control framework. The approach involves calculation of control actions, i.e. time schedules for pumps, valves and sources, to minimize the costs associated with energy used for water pumping and treatment and water losses due to leak...

The formation of bacterial regrowth and disinfection by-products is ubiquitous in chlorinated water distribution systems (WDSs) operated with organic loads. A generic, easy-to-use mechanistic model describing the fundamental processes governing interrelationship between chlorine, total carbon (TOC), bacteria to analyze spatiotemporal quality variations WDSs was developed using EPANET-MSX. repre...

Abstract To have an efficient water distribution network, optimal design alternatives need to be identified and analysed using combined hydraulic modelling optimization. This paper reports on the application of fast-messy genetic algorithm (fmGA) coupled with tool EPANET assess select optimum operational alternative for a pipe network. The sole objective optimization was minimize network costs ...

Decision Support Systems (DSS) comprise a wide-range of computer-enabled applications that are based on some form of analytical model, commonly linked to a database. Coupled with the visualization and spatial analysis facilities provided by a Geographic Information System (GIS), a unifying framework can be developed to promote the uptake of advanced decision support technology across a wide ran...

The residence time of water in residential building systems is a critical factor regarding quality at end use. Published literature has highlighted the importance age these and its relationship with pathogenic bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila. However, tools to measure plumbing are typically repurposed from other applications include limitations that make them inappropriate for some syst...