In this work we correct a calculation made by Albert Einstein that appears in his book titled The Meaning of Relativity (Princeton, 1953), and by means of which he tries to obtain the number of degrees of freedom of a system composed of n particles with fixed relative distances and which are immersed in a three-dimensional space. As a result of our analysis, we develop expressions which yield t...

The Fermi Paradox is discussed in the light of the inflationary and brane world cosmologies. We conclude that some brane world cosmologies may be of relevance for the problem of civilizations spreading across our galaxy, strengthening the Fermi Paradox, but not the inflationary cosmologies, as has been proposed.

The conventional definition of amount of substance n is as a quantity proportional to number of entities N. This implies that n is discrete for small N while n is considered to be continuous at the macroscopic scale, leading to a sorites paradox. A practical criterion is proposed for distinguishing between amount of substance and number of entities, and the implications for the conventional def...

The orthodox quantum mechanics has been commonly regarded as being supported decisively by the polarization EPR experiments, in which Bell's inequalities have been violated. The given conclusion has been based, however, on several mistakes that have not been yet commonly known and sufficiently analyzed. The whole problem will be newly discussed and a corresponding solution will be proposed. 1. ...

The early days of quantum mechanics saw many debates about the applicability of classical concepts, such as position and momentum. Two of the main protagonists were Einstein and Bohr, with Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) publishing a famous paper in 1935 [1], setting out what became known as the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, and claiming that quantum mechanics was incomplete. Bohr replie...

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox is considered in a relation to a measurement of an arbitrary quantum system . It is shown that the EPR paradox always appears in a gedanken experiment with two successively joined measuring devices. PACS number(s): 03.65 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox is a classical topic in quantum mechanics(for elementary review see [1]). Here we show how the EPR paradox...

We report on a momentum-position realization of the EPR paradox using direct detection in the near and far fields of the photons emitted by collinear type-II phase-matched parametric down conversion. Using this approach we achieved a measured two-photon momentum-position variance product of 0.01 variant Planck's over 2pi (2), which dramatically violates the bounds for the EPR and separability c...

I begin by highlighting the importance of the step size in the induction step of the sorites paradox. A careful analysis reveals that the step size can be characterised as a proper instance of the concept very small. After having accurately described the structure of sorites-susceptible predicates, I argue that the structure of the induction step in the Sorites Paradox is inherently circular. T...

The synthesis o f bis(dimethylglyoximato)-cobalt(II) (C oH(dmgH)2) in the a-cages o f a cobalt-exchang­ ed sodium X-zeolite is described. A simple hydration/oxygenation sequence culminating in a superoxo complex, C oni(dm gH)2-H 20 0 ^ has been studied using X-band EPR spectroscopy. The identification o f the precursor species: square-planar C on(dmgH)2, distorted C oH(dmgH)2 and C oM(dmgH)2-2 ...