Let us consider first a heuristic derivation of an equation for the sea surface temperature in the East Pacific, which will be followed by a more rigorous derivation in the following sections. Assume that the East Pacific SST affects the atmospheric heating and thus the central Pacific wind speed. The resulting wind stress, in turn, excites equatorial Kelvin and Rossby ocean waves. These waves ...

Introduction: Intracellular pH (pHi) regulates essentially all aspects of cellular activities. However, it is unknown how endoplasmic reticulum (ER) potassium channels sense pHi. In this study, we investigate the direct effects of pHi on ER potassium channels. Methods: We used channel incorporation into the bilayer lipid membrane method. L-α-phosphatidylcholine, a membrane lipid, was extrac...

We investigate a nonlinear three-dimensional model for equatorial flows, finding exact solutions that capture the most relevant geophysical features: depth-dependent currents, poleward or equatorial surface drift and a vertical mixture of upward and downward motions. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Pd(II) atom in the title compound, [Pd(C24H49P2)Cl], has a distorted square-planar CClP2 coordination geometry with the P,C,P'-tridentate ligand forming two five-membered metallacycles. The cyclo-hexane ring is aligned with the Pd(II) coordination plane due to C-H activation in an equatorial position, giving a tri-equatorial conformation of the cyclo-hexyl ring.

Concurrent with most large El Niño events, cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are observed over the western Pacific warm pool region (WPWP). Observational evidence that SST anomalies that form in the off-equatorial western Pacific during El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles are forced by subsurface ocean processes equatorward of 12°N and air–sea fluxes poleward of 12°N is presen...

The coupled model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) is used to investigate the effects of extratropical cooling and warming on the tropical Pacific climate. The IAP coupled model is a fully coupled GCM without any flux correction. The model has been used in many aspects of climate modeling, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)...

The giant planet atmospheres exhibit alternating prograde (eastward) and retrograde (westward) jets of different speeds and widths, with an equatorial jet that is prograde on Jupiter and Saturn and retrograde on Uranus and Neptune. The jets are variously thought to be driven by differential radiative heating of the upper atmosphere or by intrinsic heat fluxes emanating from the deep interior. H...

PURPOSE To describe various types of anterior capsular tears and an early diagnostic, flap motility, as a sign of posterior capsular rupture following posterior extension of radial tears. DESIGN This was a prospective study carried out in 4,331 eyes that underwent phacoemulsification in a private practice setting from April 2015 to February 2016. Twenty six consecutive cases of anterior capsu...

The 1997–98 El Niño was both unusually strong and terminated unusually. Warm eastern equatorial Pacific (EEqP) sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) exceeded 4°C at the event peak and lasted well into boreal spring of 1998, even though subsurface temperatures began cooling in December 1997. The oceanic processes that controlled this unusual termination are explored here and can be character...

Huancayo is the only equatorial electrojet station where the daytime increase of horizontal geomagnetic ®eld (H) is associated with a simultaneous increase of eastward geomagnetic ®eld (Y). It is shown that during the counter electrojet period when DH is negative, DY also becomes negative. Thus, the diurnal variation of DY at equatorial latitudes is suggested to be a constituent part of the equ...