The variation of assemblage composition in space is characterised by the decrease similarity with spatial distance. Climatic constraint and dispersal limitation are major drivers distance-decay similarity. Distance-decay usually conceptualised modelled as an isotropic pattern, that is, assuming decays same rate all directions. Because climatic gradients markedly anisotropic, they have different...

ABSTRACT Much of what we know about molecular clouds, and by extension star formation, comes from line observations. Interpreting these correctly requires knowledge the underlying abundances. Simulations clouds typically only model species that are important for gas thermodynamics, which tend to be poor tracers denser material where stars form. We construct a framework post-processing simulatio...

A two-dimensional (2D) coupledmodel is developed for the simulation of dendritic growth during alloy solidification in the presence of forced and natural convection. Instead of conventional continuum-based Navier–Stokes (NS) solvers, the present model adopts a kinetic-based lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), which describes flow dynamics by the evolution of distribution functions of moving pseudo-...

The composition of capital in ows to emerging market economies tends to follow a predictable dynamic pattern across the business cycle. In most emerging market economies, total in ows are pro-cyclical, with debt and portfolio equity owing in rst, followed later in the expansion by foreign direct investment (FDI). To understand the dynamic composition of these ows, we use a small open economy (S...

Kinetics-free equilibrium models can predict the exit gas composition of the biomass gasifier, given the solid composition and the equilibrium temperature, but they cannot be used for reactor design. Hence, there is a need to develop a combined transport and kinetic model which takes into account of the kinetics of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions, transport of volatiles produce...

We embed signaling in the classical Cournot model in which several firms sell a homogeneous good. The quality is known to all the firms, but only to some buyers. The quantity-setting firms can manipulate the price to signal quality. Because there is only one price in a market for a homogeneous good, each firm incompletely controls the price-signal through the quantity decision. We characterize ...

A novel equilibrium reaction modelling approach is proposed for the efficient design of biomass gasifiers. Fuels and chars are defined as pseudo species with properties derived from their ultimate analyses; tars as a subset of known molecular species and their distribution determined by equilibrium calculations. Non-equilibrium behaviour for gas, tar, and char formation is explained by reaction...