The classic biomimetic apatite coating process can be accelerated by first immersing substrates into concentrated simulated body fluid, 5x SBF (SBF1), at 37 degrees C, to form an initial coating of precursor apatite spheres, and subsequently transferring to a second 5x SBF (SBF2) solution which is devoid of crystal growth inhibitors to promote phase transformation of SBF1-derived precursor apat...

Source-separated black water (BW) (toilet water) containing 38% of the organic material and 68% of the phosphorus in the total household waste (water) stream including kitchen waste, is a potential source for energy and phosphorus recovery. The energy recovered, in the form of electricity and heat, is more than sufficient for anaerobic treatment, nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery. The ph...

Background Sphingolipid metabolites have recently been shown to be involved in cell viability. For example, ceramide has been shown to stimulate apoptosis, or programmed cell death, whereas sphingosine-1phosphate (SPP) promotes cell survival. A number of different factors influence the levels of ceramide and SPP in the cell, as shown in Figure 19.1. Clearly, the balance of ceramide and SPP will...

Surimi is stabilized myofibrillar proteins that have been blended with cryoprotectant for a longer frozen storage life. The functional properties of the myofibrillar proteins are protected during frozen storage when a cryoprotectant was added. Some commonly used cryoprotectants are sorbitol, sucrose, polydextrose, lactitol, litesse, maltodextrin, trehalose, sodium lactate and mixtures of the ab...

Phosphorus (P) recovery from liquid swine manure is an attractive technology when on-farm application of liquid swine manure is not an option. We developed a technology that enables separation of this P, but its high moisture content makes transportation difficult. In this work, we investigated dewatering procedures to concentrate the P product. Sludge rich in calcium phosphate (> 20% P2O5) was...

Four feedlot experiments with 774 cattle have been completed during 1969 to 1970 evaluating two forms of tylosin activity (50, 75 and 100 mg per head per day continuously of tylosin phosphate or tylosin urea adduct) in high concentrate rations. Continuous administration of these three levels of antibiotic activity from either form of tylosin (1) reduced the incidence of liver abscesses, (2) inc...

Ulva, a common green seaweed, performs at the biochemical level as a typical C(3) plant. Over 90% of label was found in glycerate 3-phosphate following a 3 second (14)C pulse in the light, and the label was subsequently transferred to sugars. Also, the level of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity in crude extracts was about 10 times higher than that of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase...

The physical and chemical changes of 4x milk concentrates prepared by ultrafiltration (UF) microfiltration (MF) combined with diafiltration were studied after heating in situ to 85 °C subsequent cooling. Skim (1x) was analyzed as control. had comparable pH, colloidal casein calcium phosphate, but differed whey proteins serum allowing investigating the effect soluble phase composition on viscosi...

The management of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) poses a challenge to utilities as it requires expensive disposal methods and advanced treatment in order comply with regulations. This paper presents studies natural approaches, such constructed wetlands (CWs), that have been tailored treat ROC. Conceptually, testing planning, these could meet regulatory criteria before discharging the surface...

The preservation of red cells "hard packed" to a hematocrit of over 80% from blood collected in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) or CPD-adenine (CPDA-1) has been investigated. After 21 days of storage, cells that had been collected in CPD solution had consumed most or all of the available glucose and manifested markedly impaired viability after reinfusion into the normal donor. In contrast, red...