This paper extends earlier work by its authors on formal aspects of the processes of contracting a theory to eliminate a proposition and revising a theory to introduce a proposition. In the course of the earlier work, Gardenfors developed general postulates of a more or less equational nature for such processes, whilst Alchourron and Makinson studied the particular case of contraction functions...

The article examines the driving forces and factors of formation political culture Scandinavian countries in conditions interstate cooperation. Peculiarities socio-political programs region are studied. social components state policy that created economic prerequisites for so-called "Scandinavian cooperation" singled out. categorical-conceptual apparatus study problems is concretized. cumulativ...

As for ρ∗-mixing sequences of random variables, Bryc and Smoleński [1] established the moments inequality of partial sums. Peligrad [10] obtained a CLT and established an invariance principles. Peligrad [11] established the Rosenthal-type maximal inequality. Utev and Peligrad [16] obtained invariance principles of nonstationary sequences. As for negatively associated (NA) random variables, Joag...

A part of relativistic dynamics (or mechanics) is axiomatized by simple and purely geometrical axioms formulated within first-order logic. A geometrical proof of the formula connecting relativistic and rest masses of bodies is presented, leading up to a geometric explanation of Einstein’s famous E = mc. The connection of our geometrical axioms and the usual axioms on the conservation of mass, m...

Microbial genetics and molecular cloning now permit us to routinely isolate specific genes from a variety of microbial pathogens. Obviously not all genes from pathogenic microorganisms play a role in pathogenicity or virulence. Just as Koch's postulates were formulated to identify the causal relationship between an organism and a specific disease, the notion is presented here that a form of mol...

History In 1876, a country doctor in Germany by the name of Robert Koch developed the first conclusive empirical evidence that a particular microbe causes a particular disease. Although he was working on anthrax, a deadly disease of warm-blooded animals (caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis), the procedures he laid out for determining the pathogenicity of a microorganism (in other words, ...

Abstract For an arbitrary preparation, quantum mechanical descriptions refer to the complementary contexts set by incompatible measurements. We argue that an arbitrary preparation, therefore, should be described with respect to such a context by its degrees of disturbance (represented by real numbers) and their probability distribution (postulate 1). Measurement contexts thus provide reference ...