As the healthcare response to COVID-19 pandemic continues, providing enhanced protection frontline personnel exposed aerosolized infectious material is essential. The rapid spread of virus across globe in early 2020 generated an overwhelming surge demand for effective personal protective equipment (PPE), particular, passive respirators (PPR). Global manufacturing PPR was limited, and research d...

OBJECTIVE To compare the postoperative complications between Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) and endotracheal tube (ETT) during low-flow anesthesia with controlled ventilation. METHODOLOGY Eighty adult Patients with ASA class I or II were randomly allocated into two forty-patient groups (ETT or LMA). Cuff pressure was monitored during anesthesia. After high uptake period, fresh gas flow (FGF) was...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of pneumoperitoneum on lung mechanics, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2), arterial blood gases (ABG), and oxidative stress markers in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) by using lung-protective ventilation strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six patients undergoing LC and abdominal wall hernia (AWH) surgery were assign...

We tested the hypothesis that simple exercises may significantly increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) and/or cerebral oxygenation. Eighteen subjects ranging in age from nineteen to thirty nine participated in a four-stage study during which measurements of end tidal CO_2 (EtCO2 by capnometer) and local brain oxygenation (by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor) were taken. The four stages wer...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Energy drinks (EDs) are suspected to induce potential adverse cardiovascular effects and have recently been shown to reduce cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in young, healthy subjects. Gender differences in CBFV in response to EDs have not previously been investigated, despite the fact that women are more prone to cardiovascular disturbances such as neurocardiogenic sy...

AIM The sitting position is routinely used in many centers, although its use remains controversial and appears to be diminishing because of the risk of venous air embolism (VAE). MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of 601 adult and 91 pediatric cases underwent neurosurgery from January 1995 through December 2010 in the sitting position. The incidence of VAE and other complic...

BackgroundA sufficient supply of oxygen is crucial to avoid hypoxic cardiac arrest and brain damage within 30 min in completely-buried avalanche victims. Snow density influences levels hypoxia hypercapnia. The goal this study was investigate the effects hypercapnia on cerebral oxygenation (ScO2) humans breathing into an artificial air pocket.MethodsEach subject breathed a closed system (air-tig...

The Physiologic Basis for Capnometry Capnometry is based on a discovery by chemist Joseph Black, who in 1875 noted the properties of a gas released during exhalation that he called “fixed air.” That gas—carbon dioxide—is produced as a consequence of cellular metabolism, a waste product of the process of oxygen and glucose combining to produce energy. Carbon dioxide exits the body via the lungs....

BACKGROUND Potent inhaled anesthetics degrade in the presence of the strong bases (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) in carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbents. A new absorbent, Amsorb (Armstrong Medical Ltd., Coleraine, Northern Ireland), does not employ these strong bases. This study compared the scavenging efficacy and compound A production of two commercially available absorbents (soda lime ...

OBJECTIVE Aminophylline, which is clinically used as a bronchodilator, antagonizes the action of adenosine, so it can be used to shorten the recovery time after general anesthesia. Therefore, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the administration of aminophylline leads to an increase in bispectral index (BIS) and clinical recovery in patients anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia (TI...