Circumcision is the oldest planned operative procedure in the history of the human civilization, but there continues to be a lack of consensus and strong opposing views on whether universal neonatal circumcision should be adopted as a public health measure. The recent American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guideline on male circumcision (MC) reversed its prior stand, stating that the “health bene...

background: ethical leadership represents the leader's proactive efforts to influence followers' ethical and unethical behavior and follower work attitudes such as perceived organizational support, affective commitment and normal behaviors. the purpose of this research was to test the relationship of ethical leadership and ethical context with affective commitment that mediating the r...

This article discusses ethical issues which are raised as a result of the introduction of economic evidence in mental health care in order to rationalise clinical practice. Cost effectiveness studies and guidelines based on such studies are often seen as impartial, neutral instruments which try to reduce the influence of nonscientific factors. However, such rationalising instruments often hide ...

Devastating brain injuries (DBIs) profoundly damage cerebral function and frequently cause death. DBI survivors admitted to critical care will suffer both intracranial and extracranial effects from their brain injury. The indicators of quality care in DBI are not completely defined, and despite best efforts many patients will not survive, although others may have better outcomes than originally...

BACKGROUND The variety and number of laboratory quality standards, guidelines and regulations (hereafter: quality documents) makes it difficult to choose the most suitable one for establishing and maintaining a laboratory quality management system. OBJECTIVES There is a need to compare the characteristics, suitability and applicability of quality documents in view of the increasing efforts to...

Literature abounds to show that the current anti-corruption strategies have failed to fight corruption because of neglect of ethics in these strategies, despite its importance. The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to anti-corruption theory by developing a model that clarifies many complex ethical dilemmas around corruption. To develop a conceptual model, the extant literatures on...

interpretation Concrete interpretation General guidelines Specific guidelines Standards Compilations of guidelines Style guides Ergonomic algorithms Design rules Figure 7 Guideline interpretation according to guideline source 6 Conclusion In this chapter, we highlighted that a profusion of web usability guidelines exists that does not facilitate the designer’s task to select and apply appropria...

background: knee pain is one of the most common reasons patients visit their physician. in this regard magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is the tool of preference for diagnosis. the aim of this study was to determine appropriate guidelines for knee mri administration using the rand appropriateness method (ram)-2013   methods: this qualitative study was done in the mashhad university of medical s...

to evaluate physical activity of pregnant women before and after acog guideline study. four hundred and eighty-five pregnant women enrolled in this before-after study. they were asked to study acog guideline. a structured questionnaire filled by women at first visit and the last visit in the prenatal clinic.type, frequency, duration and anxiety about doing exercises during pregnancy period. bef...

Sperm banking is an important option to maintain or induce the male fertilization even though under the era of in vitro fertilization. The medical indications for sperm banking are generally consisted of three categories. There are cases on planning the permanent contraception like vasectomy or cancer patients to be scheduled the chemotherapy or radiotherapy as first category, male infertile pa...