Introduction: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of serum selenium levels and the risk of developing prostate cancer. It has been documented that antioxidants reduce the incidence of cancer by eradicating free radicals that damage DNA, thus increasing the risk of cancer. Selenium is a component of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, whose role in cancer prev...

The number of radiological studies performed annually, including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has been increasing dramatically. This trend is influenced by several factors, including an aging population with multiple comorbidities and a higher number of overall studies obtained per patient and/or per time period (1). More than ever before, rad...

Physicians, patients and policy-makers are influenced not only by the results of studies but also by how authors present the results. Depending on which measures of effect authors choose, the impact of an intervention may appear very large or quite small, even though the underlying data are the same. In this article we present 3 measures of effect — relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduct...

health risks, especially HIV/AIDS. Although many organiza ons have programs that address gender, our mul -sectorial approach combining elements of development economics, public health, and other social sciences is unique. In addi on, our commitment to rigorous evalua ons ensures that the policies and global learning derived from our work are evidencebased. Our opera ng principle is to design pr...

Introduction / objectives Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an airways infection that must have developed more than 48 hours after the patient was intubated. Reducing mortality due to ventilator-associated pneumonia requires an organized process that guarantees early recognition of pneumonia and consistent application of the best evidencebased practices. The Ventilator Bundle is a series...

The United States’ evolving health care system and the recent focus on integrated care underscore the relevance of multidisciplinary approach to psychological treatment. Evidencebased treatment for ADHD that is grounded in a multidisciplinary one-stop shop approach is discussed. A case study is presented, illustrating strategies for utilizing empirically supported multidimensional treatment for...

I a relatively short amount of time, the term “evidencebased public health” has flooded dialogues on program planning, implementation, and evaluation. What is evidence-based public health? Abigail Adams reminded us that “we have too many high sounding words, and too few actions that correspond with them” (1). In Evidence-Based Public Health, Brownson and colleagues provide not only a precise de...

We introduce a new topological semantics for evidence, evidencebased belief, knowledge and learning. This setting generalizes (and in a sense improves on) the evidence models for belief due to van Benthem and Pacuit, as well as our own previous work on (a topological semantics for) Stalnaker’s doxasticepistemic axioms. We prove completeness, decidability and finite model property for the associ...

Many barriers inhibit nurses from using evidence to guide their practice. The authors describe the development of a Nursing Research Internship Program designed to overcome barriers to evidencebased practice and provide staff nurses with an opportunity for professional growth. Evaluation of the program indicates it has increased staff nurses’ use of the literature to identify and solve clinical...

In clinical research, there has been an increasing need to titrate ethical, legal and insurance requirements to the type of study, so that higher-risk research receives necessary and appropriate detailed attention, while low-risk studies can proceed more rapidly. Spontaneous Medically Advantageous Research Trials (SMART) are non-profit studies that carry minimal or no risk to patients. This typ...