Migraine is a constellation of neurological symptoms with variable disease progression. Despite the standardization of migraine diagnosis with the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria, its etiology eludes medical research because its complexity as a disease lies in the multiple factors involved in migraine onset. The study of migraine genetics is providing important clues to the pathop...

Preface Except II is a system that supports several kinds of reasoning ranging from basic deduction and abduction to high-level forms such as diagnosis, connguration, and induction. Its main and characteristic feature that enables this is default reasoning. Default reasoning is an attempt to handle defeasible inferences properly and to provide qualitative, argument-based methods for deciding be...

OBJECTIVES To demonstrate why the 'nil per os except medications' order is contraindicated prior to dysphagia testing and to recommend ways to prevent aspiration of medications in the dysphagic population. METHODS A 71-year-old male deemed at-risk for aspiration due to coughing when drinking thin liquids was made nil per os except medications and referred for dysphagia testing. Swallowing was...

Autopsy/cadaver data indicate that many organs and tissues are smaller in the elderly compared with young adults; however, in vivo data are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether the mass of specific high-metabolic-rate organs is different with increasing age, using MRI. Seventy-five healthy women (41 African-Americans and 34 Caucasians, age range 19-88 yr) and 36 men (8 Africa...

Four strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica (CSU-P-1, 64-C-0406, 1120-A-83-013, and B205BT) with defined virulence for neonatal swine were examined, and an attempt was made to correlate the presence of certain in vitro phenotypic characteristics with the ability of a particular B. bronchiseptica strain to produce turbinate and lung lesions in piglets. All of the strains except CSU-P-1 colonized t...