the Brain Stem Copper deficiency is rare but can result from gastrointestinal surgery, excess zinc in the diet, parenteral nutrition, and malabsorption syndromes. Copper deficiency gives rise to a sensory ataxic myelopathy, symmetrically involving the pyramidal tracts and dorsal columns in the spinal cord, producing a clinical picture indistinguishable from subacute combined degeneration (SCD) ...

Iron, zinc, and copper play fundamental roles in eucaryotes and procaryotes, and their bioavailability regulates host-pathogen interactions. For intracellular pathogens, the source of metals is the cytoplasm of the host, which in turn manipulates intracellular metal traffic following pathogen recognition. It is established that iron is withheld from the pathogen-containing vacuole, whereas for ...

Microsized aerogels were prepared from epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix blend using the solvent exchange method and dropping technique with sonication. Some parameters were manipulated in order to observe its effects on resultant aerogels. Parameter studied were ENR/PVC solution viscosity, ratio of ENR/PVC solution to EtOH/H 2 O solution and sonication time.It was...

New Insights into CNS Requirements for the Copper-ATPase, ATP7A 2 Sharon La Fontaine 3 4 1 Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for 5 Molecular and Medical Research and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Burwood, VIC. 6 3125, Australia. 7 2 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC. 3052, Australia. 8 9 Cor...

Copper is one of the oldest known metals used by humans. It was discovered around 9000 BC, and was first used to make metal tools and weapons. Medical applications of copper were known to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks. The metal has widespread and varied uses in modern society. Thus copper has played an important part in human cultural evolution, but the element has a much more ancient role ...

Anaerobic reactions of Rhus vernicifera laccase and its type-2 copper-depleted derivatives with hexacyanoferrate(II) were investigated by absorption and e.s.r. spectroscopy. When native laccase was treated with excess hexacyanoferrate(II), the type-1 and type-2 coppers were immediately reduced and the e.s.r. signal due to type-3 copper was transiently observed. After incubation, a novel e.s.r. ...

Copper is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms. ATP7A protein is a copper-transporting ATPase which plays a vital role in the maintenance of cellular copper homeostasis in mammals. This protein is retained within the trans-Golgi network, but after binding copper it can be translocated to the cell membrane to participate in the efflux of excess Cu. Mutation of the ATP7A gene in hu...

The Pope and Stevens method (1) for quantitative determination of amino acids and peptides is based on iodometric analysis of the combined copper, a procedure that is somewhat inconvenient. Woiwood (a), using the color produced by diethyldithiocarbamate, has described a spectrophotometric modification of the Pope and Stevens method. Martin and Mittelmann (3) have used polarographic analysis of ...